| The Synchrotron Radiation (SR) has passed three generations since 1960s. And the development of the SR light sources has been continuously creating unprecedented progresses in x-ray applications and x-ray optics. More than 60 synchrotrons, both small and large, are currently in operation all over the world. Recently, the X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL), which is also called the fourth-generation light source, has created new chances for people to explore the dynamical processes of chemistry and nuclear reactions. The beamline is an optical system which makes a bridge between the light source and the experimental station for the SR application. It makes the whitebeam from the light source to monochromatic beam with certain photon energy, energy resolution, flux, beam size, polarization, etc. and transfers the light safely and effectively to the sample. Owing to advances in undulator sources and high needs in experiments, the beamline technologies including both optical design and optics realization has been continuously progressing. This thesis is based on the author’s working experiences at the National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) from 2009 to 2011 and at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) from 2011 to 2014. It discusses the typical SR beamline technologies including the characteristics of the undulator light source, the thermal analysis of the pre-mirror, the beam position monitor (BPM), and the thermal stress issues of multilayer optics.A new helical undulator is installed at the storage ring of NSRL to produce the coherent synchrotron radiation characterized high flux and circular polarization. A VUV beamline is equipped with this light source for burning science research. Chapter 2 of the thesis studies the characteristics of the helical undulator light source and the thermal analysis for the premirror of its beamline. Based on analyzing the power density distribution radiated by the helical undulator, the thermal distortion and the slope error on the premirror surface are calculated with ANSYS. These results will afford a theoretical direction for the engineering design of the beamline.The beam position monitor is necessary for the alignment and to study the beam stability over a long period. Chapter 3 of the thesis studies the V-coupl ing-blades beam position monitor for NSRL low energy light source. Based on the characteristics of the VUV light source at NSRL, a V-coupl ing-blade beam position monitor (V-BPM) has been developed to detect the stability of the low energy beam from the undulator radiation. The monitor is composed with two pairs of the V-coupl ing-blades made of molybdenum. To increase the photoemission currents, both V-coupling-blades were inserted in the beam edges at an angle of 10° in horizontal and offset each other along beam direction. Bias of-300V was adapted to collect the photon-electronics more effectively. This chapter describes the principles and structure features of the V-BPM and discusses the results of performance tests. The V-BPM has been mounted on the undulator beamline at NSRL to monitor the stability of the light source. The results show that the V-BPM will meet the requirements of monitoring photon-beam stability for the new undulator radiation of NSRL reconstruction.The heat-load is a critical issue for the SR whitebeam optics especially after the third generation light source along with the very high flux and power densities. The corresponding thermal managements have become a special technique for the beamline design, such as the liquid-nitrogen cooling and the geometry optimization methods. Multilayer optics for x-rays can provide advantageous beams with ultra-useful properties. The most demanded application now would be focusing optics and multilayer monochromators for whitebeam use. Besides the thermal deformation, the thermal stress from the thermal mismatch (different thermal expansion coefficients) between the layer and the substrate would be another critical issue for multilayer under SR whitbeam. In Chapter 4, the thermal-structural analysis model has been implemented for multilayer optics by use of ANSYS layer-functioned elements. Based on the finite element model of multilayer optics, single layer coated mirrors and multilayer monochromators cooled by water or liquid-nitrogen are studied with typical parameters of heat-load, cooling, and geometry. To acquire more appropriate information about the behaviour of thin multilayer films under the influence of thermal loading, material properties such as Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio and CTE, of thin multilayer films are determined indirectly by experimental measuring the curvature change due to uniform temperature change. |
PDF Full Text Request