From Bauhaus To AA School

Before modern architectural education, architectural education experienced two stages, from medieval guilds to Ecole des Beaux-Arts. With the development of industrialization, in order to solve the contradiction between art and industrial production, William Morris and John Ruskin launched arts and crafts movement. Walter Gropius was influenced by them and established Bauhaus, which is the origin of western modern architectural education.From 1919, the western modern architectural education is divided into three parts: Bauhaus as the origin, Texas Rangers as the turning point, and AA as the counter attack. On the basis of the collection of raw data, it further analyzes the development, curriculum and teaching characteristic of the six representative universities in modern architectural education, which were Bauhaus, the New Bauhaus, Ulm, Texas Rangers and AA school. Through the study of different education modes, and the reflection of architectural education system development law, it summarizes that the architectural education has undergone the practice teaching mode which were medieval guilds, Bauhaus, AA and academic teaching mode which were Beaux-Arts, Texas Rangers, overall showing the spiral development rule. On the basis of this, the future will show the diversity of architectural education teaching mode which focus on the practice.It also sums up the basic knowledge of modern architectural education including the cultivation of basic literacy and personalized education on the basis of modern architectural education. Put forward that the current architectural education will be diverse training modes based on students’ employment direction and personal interest and will foster practicing architects, avant-courier architects and research-typed talents. And undergraduate emphasize on hierarchical and graduate emphasize on specialized teaching modes. As can be found through the analysis of registered architect practice system in current German, USA and UK, architect practice training should be cultivated together with artistic quality, architectural technology and architectural design among basic knowledge. In addition, to achieve the “learning by doing” we will use real model material and complete the practice system. On the basis of analyzing the current situation of Chinese architectural education and taking history as a mirror, this paper proposes some enlightenment of modern architectural education to today’s architecture education in our country.