Traffic Scheduling Mechanism For Meter Data Collection In Smart Grid Distribution And Consumption Communication Network

Smart grid distribution and consumption communication network which connects a series of communication entities between power distribution master stations and power distribution and consumption terminals including powerlines and equipments and carries on a series of access communication business among power generation, transportation and consumption is the key to smart grid communication network. As the important one of access communication business, smart grid distribution and consumption communication network data collection business carries on the collection of various kinds of data which are closely related to the smart grid operation and management, such as information data about the operation states of communication devices in distribution and consumption networks related to network status monitoring and analysis and information data about power consumption in user side that directly impact on the operation and decision-making of smart grid.Smart grid distribution and consumption communication network data collection business requires high accuracy, completeness, real-time performance, reliability and security of data transmission. Traditional communication technologies mainly include optical fiber, power line carrier, wireless public network, and so on, and these exist some different limitations. Traditional data collection network is difficult to meet the demands of smart grid distribution and consumption communication data collection business like flexible accesss, scalability, interoperability, and so on. However, wireless multi-hop network which has the obvious advantages like anti-signal attenuation over long distance, seamless coverage, flexible access, scalability can adapt to the new requirements of smart grid distribution and consumption communication data collection business. However, the solution of the private smart grid distribution and consumption data collection network which organized by the way of wireless multi-hop communication has to solve the contradiction between rapidly increasing traffic and limited network bandwidth for the trend of smart grid information business continueous enriching and data centralization. Wireless multi-hop smart grid distribution and consumption data collection network will collect more and more data about distribution and consumption business which has the high requirements about quality of data. This will increase network data traffic and network communication pressure, lead to network congestion and affect communication performance. Traffic scheduling can balance traffic distribution in specific communication process, make full use of communication link resources, ease network congestion and ensure the quality of business data transmission. Thus, a traffic scheduling mechanism which can ease communication pressure brought by huge data traffic and improve network communication performance is needed.This paper analyzes the distribution characteristic of equipments and business requirements and researchs the traffic scheduling problem faced by wireless multi-hop smart grid distribution and consumption data collection network. This paper proposes four traffic scheduling algorithms according to different network scenarios to solve the problem of balancing data traffic distribution in single neighborhood area network, combination netorwk of multi neighborhood area networks, and building area network with interference to eliminate bottlenecks, reduce the probability of congestion, ease network communication pressure and improve security and reliability. Specifically, contributions of this paper are shown followed:(1) For wireless multi-hop data collection network scenario, a traffic scheduling algorithm based on data balanced shortest hops tree is proposed. Based on the analysis of quality of data like completeness, accuracy and real-time performance, this paper adopts packet loss ratio and end to end delay as the evaluation factors of communication performance of data collection network to analyze the influence brought by network topology features and node data rate. With the method of scheduling the data of those busy nodes which are received from their children nodes to other free and potential parent nodes, the algorithm of creating a data balanced shortest hops tree in neighborhood area network which is the basic data collection area according to the users’location distribution is proposed. Simulation results show that this algorithm can balance traffic distribution and get the purpose of meeting the demand of communication requirements and easing network congestion.(2) For the limitations that adopting shortest hops tree can not select the suitable next hop node to forward data from the entire set of neighborhood nodes in wireless multi-hop data collection network scenario, a random switching based traffic scheduling algorithm is proposed. Firstly, this algorithm proposes traffic distribution model with the core of traffic load and path load, determines the optimal λ bounded balanced tree as the target of traffic scheduling, and then proposes the traffic scheduling algorithm based on random switching. Aftering analyzing algorithm results and oscillating operation, two optimization solutions of this algorithm are proposed. One is combining this algorithm with the traffic scheduling algorithm based on data balanced shortest hops tree. The other is optimizing sub-tree structure on the basis of the results of this algorithm. Simulation results show that this algorithm can effectively achieve global balance and partial balance of data traffic distribution, and it is suitable for solving the bottlenecks of data collection communication network.(3) On the basis of data collection technology in single neighborhood area network, a traffic scheduling algorithm based on wighted queue in multi-gate combined network is proposed with the idea of combined traffic scheduling utilizing the data traffic difference among adjacent neighborhood area networks and the random property of the data collection devices distribution. Firstly, based on the analysis of topology characteristic of multi-gate combined network that destination gateway can be changed in data transmission process, traffic distribution model with the core of queue length of node data buffer is proposed. Next, traffic scheduling algorithm based on wighted queue in multi-gate combined network which is mainly composed of weighted method of data buffer queue and method of next hop node selection for data transmission is proposed. Simulation results show that this algorithm is suitable for adopting ajacent networks to solve congestion problem of data collection networks, and it can also be used as actively avoid algorithm of data collection network congestion.(4) For the interference phenomenon caused by intensive nodes in wireless multi-hop data collection network deployed in high rises, a traffic scheduling algorithm based on interference avoidance in data collection building area network is proposed. Firstly, changes in the network topology characteristic are analyzed, and new traffic distribution model is proposed to adapt to these changes. Next, a new communication interference avoidance method which combines assigning suitable wireless channel among data collection gateways located in different floors and assigning different data transmission time units among data source nodes in the same floor is proposed. After that, a data balanced traffic scheduling algorithm based on this communication interference avoidance method in data collection building area network is proposed. Simulation results show that this algorithm can effectively avoid the communication interference among data collection nodes in data collection building area network and achieve traffic distribution balance and efficient and reliable data transmission, and can be applicated in construction planning and traffic scheduling in data collection communication network deployed in high rises.