Optimizing The Sea Airport Site Selection Based On Rare Wild Animals Protection

According the ecological principle, planning and managing the construction of transportation infrastructures have being a frontier research direction in the field of transportation theory. Aiming at the insufficient practical research about the rare animals’ protection and the theory study about the environmental impacts prediction and monitoring of the large scale engineering project, this dissertation takes the Dalian Offshore Airport project as a case study and comprehensively uses the hydrodynamic mathematical models, numerical simulation of suspended sediment diffusion distribution and the remote sensing retrieval technology to efficiently predict and monitor the sea water pollution caused by the offshore airport construction. Combining the spotted seals’ investigation in the engineering sea area, impacts on the spotted seals of the marine environmental pollution caused by the airport construction are conducted. Based on the study mentioned above, this research proposes one layout site adjusted scheme, and the marine and city environmental pollution of the original layout site scheme and the adjusted one are compared. Research results of this dissertation provides an effective technical support to adjust the layout site of the Dalian Offshore Airport and to promote the final decision making of spotted seals protection in the offshore airport site selection process. This research includes the following aspects:1. Combing the hydrodynamic mathematical models and the numerical simulation of suspended sediment diffusion distribution to predict the sea water pollution caused by the offshore airport construction. By using the aircraft noise prediction method to evaluate the aircraft noise pollution the offshore airport. The simulation results show that the sea water pollution area caused by the airport construction is approximately 125 km2, and nearly 85 km2 area is in the seals’nature reserve. The impacted areas of the greater than 70 dB (A) day and night weighted equivalent continuous perceived noise level (LWECPN) in the airport operating are approximately 25 km2, and among which approximately 14 km2 areas are in the seal’s nature reserve.2. Survival status and the life habits of spotted seals were investigated, and the seals’ response to the sea water pollution and aircraft noise are analyzed. Effects on the spotted seals of the construction and operation of the offshore airport are study on the basis of the analysis mentioned above and combing the marine biological survival results in the engineering sea area and the adoption of the marine biology loss calculation methods. The research results indicate that the number of seals could even reach 250 in the Mayi Island habitat and that is almost a quarter of the total biological populations in the Bohai Sea. The simulation results show that the sea water pollution and the aircraft noise pollution are seriously impact the survival of the spotted seals in the engineering sea area.3. A new layout site of the Dalian Offshore Airport is proposed, and the marine and city environmental pollution of the original site scheme and the adjusted scheme is compared. The research results show that the adjusted scheme compares the original scheme of the offshore airport can reduce approximately 65% sea water pollution area in nature reserve, and reduce 64% aircraft noise pollution area. However, the adjusted scheme increases approximately 129% aquaculture industry economic losses, and increases approximately 49,000 residents in the serious aircraft noise pollution.4. The remote sensing technology is used to track and monitor the sea water pollution caused by the constructed engineering, and the comparisons of the suspended sediment diffusion patterns and areas between the numerical simulations and the remote sensing inversions are similar. Thereby, the sea water pollution numerical simulation results are successful verified by the remote sensing technology.This research from the perspective of rare animal protection to integrate the numerical simulation and satellite remote sensing technologies to study the methods of marine environmental pollution prediction and monitoring and to explore the scientific approach of realizing the marine ecological environment changing law caused by the transportation infrastructure construction. The conclusion and the methods adopted in this research can be used as a reference for similar offshore airport sites selection and to provide a scientific basis to improve the sustainable development in the marine environment and the large-scale transportation infrastructure construction. Thereby, both on the theory and technology application and for the urgent needs of current practices, this research has important practical significance and application values.