Study On Reaction Kinetics And Atmosphere Control Of Artificial Environment Within Confined Space

In this study, three key issues for the atmosphere control system in a confined space, oxygen concentration control, noxious gas cleaning and temperature and humidity adjustment, were experimentally investigated to meet the practical requirements and trends for low energy consumption, efficient regeneration and comprehensive integration. Based on in-depth theoretical analysis of the reaction kinetics and the process of heat and mass transfer, an applied technology for safe, low-powered and efficient control of atmosphere in a confined space was developed under the condition of low energy supply. Results of the study will be provided with important theoretic and realistic values.The oxygen concentration control experiments of single plate-like potassium superoxide were carried out in the simulation device of closed environment. Based on experimental data and reaction kinetics studies, kinetic model of single potassium superoxide was established, the kinetic parameters and application scope of the model was determined, and the kinetics process was divided into two reaction stages with fast and slow, as fast reaction stage controlled by the interfacial reaction, slow reaction stage controlled by the internal diffusion. The two application parameters, the total demand of plate-like potassium superoxide and the effective time of oxygen generation are obtained based on the experiments and kinetic model. These parameters form the oxygen concentration control strategies within confined space.The CO2and CO circulation purification experimental studies were carried out with three kinds of decontaminants of CO2and three kinds of decontaminants of CO by mean of the simulation device of closed environment, and the optimal space velocity value for each decontaminants were obtained. Through the function fitting and mathematical analysis, the relationships between reaction rate and gas concentration and the maximum reaction rate order of six decontaminants were obtained under the experimental conditions. The two application parameters, the theoretical minimum demand of decontaminants and the theoretical maintain concentration of CO2and CO are obtained based on the reaction kinetics equations. These parameters form the CO2and CO concentration control strategies within confined space.Mathematical relations for phase transition refrigeration by cubic ice storage module was established, as a result of which the math expression of the wall heat transfer coefficient, the effective refrigerating time, the refrigeration rate and the dehumidification capacity have been derived. The effective refrigerating time for ice storage capsule is defined and tested. The mathematical relations of the effective refrigerating time and refrigeration rate are derived and modified. The correction factor equation of ambient temperature and humidity is established for the revision of mathematical relations. The three application parameters, effective refrigerating time, total demand of ice storage capsule, and demand of ice storage capsule per unit time are obtained based on the experiments and the modified relations. These parameters form the temperature and humidity control strategies within confined space.A series of atmosphere control devices were developed, basing the theories and strategies of atmosphere control within confined space. The24-hour with2men and168-hour with8men manned experiments verifies the accuracy of the theories and strategies of atmosphere control within confined space proposed by this paper, which provide the technical foundation and application basis for related research in this field.