| The formation of a civilization can never depend on the limits of nature, the civilization and the nature can not be disjointed. This is the inevitable law of human development. Marx and Engels said : "The practice of transforming nature by human is a purpose consciously."Existence is a fundamental problem of human beings, is the eternal subject of any philosopher face, several fundamental questions in the basic necessities of life, let us together to care for human to shelter from the wind and rain of the building. With respect to the history of Western architecture "solid, practical, beautiful" three principles, the ancient Chinese have construction principles, namely, "Shang Shu- Yu Mo": "in the clearance of Da yu s political construction three principles: Zheng de, utilization, Ministry of health. Based on such three principles based on Chinese ancient building with "will give people" as the main goal of building, soil and wood for living people as the basic building materials, and to "humble Palace" and "suitable for" of the concept, construction will be limited in a moderate size and height range the courtyard, and the layers of depth to organize construction groups, thus forming a "unique architectural space beautiful courtyard deep". China houses in Northeast of China, as an important type of China architectural culture, embodies the Northeast ancestors survival wisdom and creativity, clearly show a correlation between built form and lifestyle of the time; image to convey to the northeast for the soil Chinese traditional culture deep implication visually express the China architectural culture value system, the national psychology, thinking mode and aesthetic ideal. Study of northeast traditional residential architecture form and space deduction, it has profound significance to regain the traditional culture and local architectural language.This article focuses on the northeastern residence building dates its cultural context and architectural features in different period, on the Northeast residential space evolution is discussed. From the regional distribution of geographical space, through the northeast traditional architectural planning, pattern and spatial evolution, method based on induction and quantization, combined with the local craftsmen building skills and experience, and strive to protect the traditional residential architecture history information is complete, the evolution model of northeast residential construction stages are summarized. Northeastern residence space deductive study is an in-depth analysis and review the northeastern vernacular architecture culture, and strive to tap the space variation law of traditional architectural pattern. Clear spatial structure shape gradually eliminate hidden multi mode of life, searching for the lost memory for the contemporary residential construction, reconstruction of traditional and modern harmonious relationship. The structure and function of the settlement space form from the northeast traditional houses of the use, provide a theoretical reference for the development of the Northeast residential architecture morphology evolution. Involved in architecture, planning, landscape science, sociology, human geography and folklore, across the two fields of engineering technology and Humanities and social. Includes not only material entity construction, including the exploration of folk traditional architectural art.Through the spatial evolution and development of the Northeast folk houses, back Northeast Local Architecture occurs with the formation mechanism of the origin, to explore the interactive relationship between the composition of abstraction of houses, streets, villages and other space, explore the historical trajectory of architecture and environment is formed in the evolution of human production mode, and set about from the live crowd psychological accumulation and in-depth discussion do the Northeast residential buildings of traditional style and space form, make contemporary due efforts for the protection and development of native architecture.Because different regions, different religion, folk custom is different, for residential demand is not same, in the deep thinking on the northeastern residence some years, I fully realize the formation of a national settlement staggering actually a kind of culture, the difficult is unthinkable. Connecting northeastern residence from ignorance, periods of the past gradually and advanced civilization, this period is long, and even a civilization accept is bing Huo after baptism, ethnic fusion helpless, in the process of repeated, gradually to glory, and not lose their own independent personality. The northeast area belongs to the frontier, away from the Central Plains Civilization, has appeared Sushen, Donghu, Mongolia tribes, Jurchen tribes, the Khitan tribes, and the civilization of gaogouli. Tribal merger war, long north-south expansion, the livelihood of the people have a great impact, resulting in a far-reaching impact for the development of the Northeast folk houses, use the limited productivity and limited natural conditions for the formation of the unique characteristics of the houses, long edge preparation of life, make people attach importance to armed thought in residential construction, the village walls, roof, all machicolate had a deep thought. But the war did not residential development and change of the eternal topic. Humans believe that the forces of nature, human nature is the basic parenting. After the original ecology of residents in the settlement formation in Northeast China, gradually discovered the law of nature, to understand and summarize the nature to those necessities is beneficial to people living how to rational use and planning, the formation of northeastern residence single characteristics in settlement development corridor art, vegetation product class, hydrological characteristics, the arrangement of mountains and rivers, the emergence of the various corridor system of art, the eastern mountains, the western prairie, all restrict human survival rule. Development and construction of the corridor, the artificial factors, there are natural factors, they form the final is different from the Central Plains culture, although in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,northeastern residence underwent a lot of immigration from Shanhaiguan culture, but also occupy the mainstream, however, has the ability to transform nature is culture, culture will eventually become a vassal of the nature. People’s life idea, and even personality change. The gods have been lingering in the human mind, northeastern residence germinal process has been the existence of gods bless, and that God has a very practical significance, both are exotic or native gods, they must be with nature and real life connection of flesh and blood. If its not true role in life, cannot be regarded as gods. Northeastern residence in the decoration has its own still like thinking, is like the human nature worship, but is very specific, on the one hand is the Central Plains civilization brings results, hand completely is given by nature.Longevity days Mongolia Mongolian, Manchu Sauron rod, as well as to the magpie infiniteworship of fish, perhaps these cultural customs also exist, but worship connotation is completely different, all of these make the Northeast dwellings unique aesthetic consciousness, the pursuit of magnificent, broad, towering weather, in performance, rough bold lines image is the basic unit, and art, in a wide range of research, all of northeast residential still like expression, is visual, smell, touch and sense. The typical life, will create the typical character in these still like shape, we must think of its material, art in architecture,decorative materials to occupy a considerable share, northeastern residence and inside Shanhaiguan residential basic consistent, still belongs to the shingle structure appeared brick process, good wood carving, unique the paper-cut craft and so on. Alkaline earth and loess and the eastern mountain area forestry, developed, are highly the latter part of the development of residential construction has provided the infinite source, in the early days,since the productivity of the fragile, progress is slow, the most prominent is the source in the North South cultural exchanges, the Central Plains of architectural art and technology and the peculiar rich resources after to the perfect combination of have been sleeping, make northeast earth began to boom and brilliant, and quickly in the Qing Dynasty and the Central Plains culture construction completely equate. Wang Zhaoji, Ding also push forward the development of the times.This just the space of the northeastern residence in the interpretation of a page, history will continue to flow, after the development of northeast houses experienced the prosperity and sadness, but also continue to move forward. In the course of the study of northeast residential areas, the more the need to find people respect for the culture, people need to mining and found, to think about it from a different perspective, cognitive it. As the research of the folk house culture, has a long way to go and I feel deeply the vernacular architecture protection. In the process of obtaining knowledge, everyone eager to form his own theory, but the source of this theory, there is only one way, that is, practice. Scientific tasks at the same time, the more need auxiliary feet. At the foot of the road, there are cultural need too many belong to our own us to touch and listen. There are two kind of relics to the history, one is the text, the other is the building, after reading it, we need to touch the walls. |
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