Study On Crashworthiness Of Automobile Energy-absorbing Components In Low Speed Collision

With the rapid development of Chinese automobile industry and car quantity increasesrapidly in cities, the vehicle collision accidents increased year by year.Among them, the lowspeed collision is one of the most frequency in traffic accidents.Crash energy absorbingcomponents is the important automotive parts for low velocity crash. Therefore, to improvecrashworthiness of energy-absorbing components in low speed collision is the most importanttask in the automobile industry.The study of this paper is supported by Heilongjiang Education Committee science andtechnology projec“tStudy on Safety of Automobile Bumper System in Low Speed Collision”.Much research of automotive in low speed collision have been analysised and the propertiesof current international automobile collision regulation were introduced.The present studyingof crashworthness and to automotive repair cost effect for energy absorption components inlow speed collision are submitted.According to the positive and low speed collision characteristics of vehicle, the papersimulated energy-absorbing of motor completely overlapp at low speed crash by usingdynamic explicit finite element simulation method. the numerical simulation result was testedby the theory and the experimental results. Energy absorbing component of carbon steel andaluminum alloy materials are compared, it indicates that the peak impact force and maximumenergy absorption have certain effected to energy-absorbing component with differentmaterials.Energy absorbing charateristics of vehicle crash-box at low speed impact are studied byusing shape optimization design has been proposed through choosing proper cross sectionadopting appropriate grooves, result showed that the crash energy absorbing charateristicsimproved obviously for square cross section grooves.The stiffness of energy-absorbingcomponents and the energy absorption capacity was decreased when grooves adoped. Withtube wall thickness increasing, crash energy absorption capacity is improved.According to Research Council for Automobile Repairs (RCAR) regulations, steel andaluminum alloy energy-absorbing components for40%biasing at low-speed impact werecomputer simulated, energy absorption characteristics of two kinds energy absorbing component were analysised, the results show that aluminum alloy energy absorbingcomponents has a prominent advantage. Real vehicle with energy-absorbing component ofaluminium alloy offset crash test, the experimental data were obtained, and the computersimulation were tested by real motor crash experimental results.Aluminum alloy applicated in automobile bumper system, it not only reduces the qualityof automobile, but also greatly enhance the bumper system performance, it increasesefficiency of study on lightweight design of automobile.The automobile with energy absorbing components could increase the ability of energyabsorbing capacity and protecting the damage of front rail, it not only saves front rail repaircost but also reduce the insurance premium rate.In this paper, the studying is usful for the energy absorption component design. Theresearch results has enriched the charaters of low speed automobile collision, made a usefulcontribution to further explore the lightweighting of automobiles, and provided the referenceto solve similar safety assessment in practical engineering.