Yantai Coastal Typical Biofouling Organisms Investigation And Antifouling Control Research

Marine biofouling is one of the major challenges for the marine activities. How to effectively solve the marine biofouling problem is a problem for human to develop marine resources. In many marine antifouling control methods, antifouling coating was the most convenient and economical. After TBT banned, low toxicity, high efficiency, green, safe and environment friendly marine antifouling coating would be care about marine fouling control.The investigation of marine fouling organisms in Yantai Coastal had been developed in different seasons to understand seasonal variation characteristics. Based on the laboratory assessment, several kinds of common marine antifouling agents(capsaicin and Sea-Nine 211) had been used to screen antifouling activity. The activity of indole compounds had been conducted to illustrate the relationship between structure-activity, and screen a simple structure, high activity, antifouling lead compound. At the same time, it had been found that laboratory evaluation were should to be unified for the method and standard to screen antifouling agents. The main conclusions were as follows:From the field test, 34 species of marine biofouling organisms were identified, and among which Hiatella orientalis, Bugula neritina, Mytilus edulis, Balanus amphitrite, Membranipora grandicella, Crassostrea gigas, Caprella sp. Hydroides elegans, Tubularia mesembryanthemum,et al. were dominant species in Yantai coastal. All of biofouling organisms referred to in Yantai coastal were observed all the year around in the monthly panel test, and the biomass were from 2.8 to 1500 g / m2. By the analysis of community development, it would be concluded that the period of attachment peak for biofouling was from May to November, and the number of fouling organisms in summer and autumn raised to the most(5984.3 g/m2, 23 species; 10231.5 g/m2, 22 species).Six compounds were used to evaluate the antifouling activities. It was showed that the compound of TCPM, Sea-Nine 211 and Pyridine thioketone would be applied in antifouling coating in Yantai coastal.Based on the results of the above studies, the antifouling activity of indoles against M. edulis was studied. It was shown that indoles inhibited the attachment of M. edulis, and they range in EC50 from 7.69 mg/L to 67.17 mg/L. The acticity of indoles substituted in 3 position were decreased in the order of indole(67.17 mg/L) > indole-3-carboxaldehyde(114.49 mg/L) > gramine(259.5 mg/L), the results indicated that the ring would be active center. At the same time, it was concluded that they were the relationship between substituent activity of the compound, with the order of 5-Chloroindole(9.47 mg/L) > 5-Cyanoindole(9.85 mg/L) > 5-Bromoindole(15.67 mg/L) > 5-Methoxyindole(32.91 mg/L) > Indole(67.17 mg/L)、6-Chloroindole(8.44 mg/L) > 6-Bromoindole(14.9 mg/L) > 6-Cyanoindole(17.17 mg/L) > 6-Aminoindole(35.36 mg/L) > Indole(67.17 mg/L). Compared with the activity of the halogen substituted compounds, the relationship between the position and activity of the substituted group was found, 6 position > 5 position > 7 position, and the chlorine atom play an important role in the structure of indoles. Compared to Sea-Nine 211 and capsaicin, 6 substrituted indoles would be developed to marine antifouling agents.Several test organisms were used to evaluate the activity of indoles. The sensitivity of brine shrimp against indoles was similar to the antifouling activity of B. amphitrite, M. edulis, B. neritina, against to indoles, and nearly to the result of field test. It was proved that the sensitivity of brine shrimp would be used to screen the marine antifouling agents. Therefore, it was very important to establish a new type of screening antifouling agents with the suitable model organism.