Research On The Path Of Sustainable Development Of Economy In The Nature Reserves Surrounding Communities

Since Seventeenth Party Congress put forward the construction of ecological civilization, China has made great achievements in environmental protection and socio-economic growth, and ecological environment and people’s living standards have greatly improved. However, in some eco-rich region, the problem of uneven development is still very serious, and especially in nature reserves and the surrounding communities, because of the large poor population, low levels of education, poor infrastructure, social and economic growth is still down, facing the "the poor become the body of eco-protection" dilemma. With the increase in the number of protected areas and the expansion of the area, it is seriously affecting the socio-economic growth of the surrounding communities, exacerbating conflicts between Nature Reserve and surrounding communities, and more seriously threading to our biodiversity conservation, ecological security and social stability.The paper, using the theory of economic growth theory and sustainable development, with nature reserve surrounding communities as study object and Yunnan Province as a case-study area, systematically researches on the protection of nature reserve and the economy of surrounding communities. This study will be beneficial to promote local economic growth of surrounding nature reserve, increase the economic income of local farmers and improve the quality of life; conducive to the sustainable development of nature reserves, and maintain national ecological security and the protection of biodiversity.Based on the theory of protection and development, this paper analyzes the relationship between environmental carrying capacity, natural resources and economic development in the surrounding communities, and puts forward that ecological environment and natural resources are the two major constraints of economic sustainable development.This paper has completed the route design of the economic development of nature reserve surrounding communities. Through the analysis of the reality route of the economic development of nature reserve surrounding communities and the analysis of the environmental Kuznets curve, the route of the economic growth of the surrounding community is redesigned. which fully absorb the advantages of the former two curves, and slam the weaknesses that are not conducive to protection or development, and it is the ideal choice to sustainable economic growth of the surrounding communities in nature reserves. This route emphasizes that while protecting environmental, we should follow up economic development, break through the poverty trap and realize the harmony between environment protection and economic development, finally achieving the "win-win" situation.Based on the analysis of the surrounding community development status of Yunnan Nature Reserve, proposed the reality of nature reserve surrounding communities in poverty is revealed. the analysis of the type and the characteristic of "green poverty", Nature Reserve has the abundant green resources, but development condition is restricted, including policy restrictions, traffic inconvenience, geographical location, namely poverty in affluence.This article analyzes the causes of poverty deeply from the five aspects of natural environment, social history, the accumulation of capital, human capital, system and so on, and especially from the perspective of institutional constraints, proposes that the lack of "obstacle" system and reasonable system in the development of the communities has seriously restricted income growth of the surrounding community,which is the important cause of poverty, and it analyzes in detail the deficiencies of system in two aspects of fairness and efficiency. An important embodiment of the "green poverty" in surrounding communities of Nature Reserves is a low level of income and long-term income dilemma. Based on the analysis of factors that influence the income of administrative villages in the Yunnan national nature reserves and the peasants’household income of Gaoligongshan national nature reserve, the reasons of income dilemma in surrounding communities of nature reserve are obtained. The result shows that the factors influencing income of surrounding communities in the Nature Reserves mainly include human capital, resources, industrial structure, geographical environment and system, which basically match the causes of "green poverty" of neighborhood communities in nature reserve, and it also indicates that the difficulties in increasing income of the surrounding communities in nature reserve must be solved before dealing with "green poverty".Based on the social-economic complex system theory, the paper analyzed the NatureReserve and surrounding communities correlation, constructed social-economic complex system including nature reserve and surrounding communities, By analyzing the relationship status in a complex system, results showed that:At present, imbalance of China Nature Reserve and surrounding communities exists in this complex ecosystem and lack of co-ordination among the various subsystems. Based on PPE vicious circle phenomenon, the results of the analysis of the relationship between poverty and the protection showed that:the poverty of Nature Reserve and surrounding communities cannot make a complete deterioration of ecological environment of nature reserves, but poverty cannot be solved, which will be a threat to protected areas for resources and eco-environment protection, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of man and nature.This paper uses AHP-SWOT analysis the path of sustainable development of economy development in the nature reserves surrounding communities. Sustainable development of the nature reserves surrounding communities should adopt the WT strategy:to reduce internal weaknesses, to avoid external threats. focus on solving the problems of poor infrastructure, lack of geographic traffic, conservative, low cultural quality, low productivity, poor management, lack of management ability, lack of capital, lack of capital accumulation, policy information transparency, and other issues.This paper established the optimal model of sustainable economic development. I use Lucas’ endogenous human capital accumulation model of economic growth, combined with the characteristics of protected areas and the poverty factors of surrounding communities, establish a growth model taking the dual constraint of resources and environment into account,and analyze the optimal solution to resources and environment variables in process of economic growth of the protected area and surrounding communities to provide the basis for realizing the selection of the path with constrains.In order to achieve the protection of nature reserves and sustainable economic growth of the surrounding communities under the restriction of resources and environment, the system to realize the sustainable development path is built from the aspects of ecological compensation, industrial structure adjustment, ecological migration and rural surplus labor transfer.