| There is a great spatial dismatch between China’s crude oil production and consumption, which represents that most large oilfields distribute over Northern China and Western China, whereas most large oil refineries distribute over Eastern and Southern China’s coastal area. Therefore, this dismatch phenomenon leads to a large crude oil resources flow among the different regions of China. Furthermore, to satisfy domestic demands, China needs of more than two hundred million tons of oil imported from abroad every year, and this import will continue to expand more and more. On this basis, large import of oil flow superimposes on the domestic oil resources flow, with the result that the scale and structure of China’s oil resources flow further expands and it causes some problems such as the dismatch between oil production and consumption, irrational location of oil pipeline networks and irrational competition among petroleum enterprises.Based on the two perspectives of node and channel, this paper attempts to use a variety of theories and methods, in order to inquiry into the spatial pattern, evolutions rule and its formation mechanism of China’s oil resources flow, optimize the spatial allocation of oil resources flow in theory and inprove the efficiency of utilization of oil resources. This paper includes eight chapters, each of which is summarized as the following.Chapter1, introduction. This chapter gives a description of the research mentality. The author elaborates the research background and the research significance, and then expounds the research objectives, the primary coverage, methods and the train of thought.Chapter2, the overview of related concepts and research progress. This chapter firstly differentiates the concepts as resource flow, energy flow, oil resource flow and so on. And then the chapter summarizes and conclutes the research on domestic and foreign resource flows,especially for the research of transverse flow, which this paper studies on it.Finally, this chapter gives a detailed review and summary of energy and crude oil flow research progress home and abroad in different periods. After this, it is necessary to understand the trend of resource flow research and clarifies this paper’s research object and perspective.Chapter3, the evolution research of spatial displacement pattern of China’s crude oil flow source-collection system. This chapter takes provincial administrative units as the nodes of flow, and examines China’s crude oil flow. Five feature years are selected from the research period1985-2009, in order to grasp the stage characteristics of oil flow evolution. According to the oil self-sufficiency and liquidity ratio, flow nodes are divided into three flow function types:source regions, collection regions and exchanging regions at five different feature years, respectively. Then, based on gravity-center model and standard deviational ellipse model, this chapter analyzes the central tendency and dispersion of spatial distribution pattern of source-region system and collection-region system in China, in order to clarify their spatial displacement and shape change.Chapter4, structural features and spatial differences of China’s crude oil pipeline network. On the basis of a systematic review of the development process of China’s crude oil pipeline network, connectivity, index of oil transportation scale, accessible index are adopted to analyze the network structure, hub structure and spatial variation of the crude oil pipeline network consisting of69major crude oil pipelines and the corresponding90nodes in the Northeast, North, East, Northwest and South China. For analyzing and revealing spatial structure of China’s national and regional crude oil pipeline networks in deep, at first this chapter calculates three fractal dimensions of weighted length-radius, dendrite-radius and spatial correlation. Then corresponding to the fractal dimensions above, this paper analyzes the pipeline networks’ density, connectivity and availability.Chapter5, driving mechanism analysis of spatial displacement pattern of China’s crude oil flow source-collection system. According to the overlap between the gravity center of the source system (or collection system) of China’s crude oil flow and the gravity center of China’s economy, as well as the consistency of their displacement trends, this chapter analyzes the spatial coupling degree between the gravity centers of source system (or collection system) and economy in five typical years from the research period1985-2009. To reveal the driving mechanism of China’s crude oil flow, Indicator Kriging interpolating Method is applied to fit the trend surfaces of source system and collection system, as well as the distribution of domestic oilfields, seaports of oil import (including land ports, same as below), and domestic refineries, and then, the spatial correlation coefficients are used to determine the spatial correlation between them.Chapter6, driving mechanism analysis of China’s crude oil pipeline network. Both from the view of regional crude oil production-cunsumption and social-economic indexes, this chapter discusses the driving mechanism analysis of China’s crude oil pipeline network, with the methods of correlation coefficients and principal component analysis.Chapter7, study on the spatial optimization of Eastern China’s crude oil pipeline network. Based on reviewing the status of China’s crude oil flow channel network, this chapter takes both Eastern China’s crude oil pipeline network and the Yangtze River Basin oil channel network as research subject. Then, this chapter constructs the supply and demand balance table of oil output and input fields. Upon cost minimum and considering the transportation cost variance of different pipelines with different diameters, this chapter researches the spatial optimization of both Eastern China’s pipeline network and the Yangtze River Basin oil channel network following the research methods and ideas of spatial analysis and linear programming. Furthermore, this chapter classifies all the pipelines and estimates the running condition of each pipeline under cost minimum.Chapter8, conclusion and discussion. In conclusion, the author sums up the main results and the creative works of this study. And in discussion, the author discusses problems and prospects in this study.Based on above work, this paper has made the following innovative achievements.First, with the theory and methods of fractal, it is quite accurate to reflect the spatial structure and regularity of distribution of China’s crude oil pipeline networks. And then, it may provide a scientific basis to promote the layout optimization of China’s oil pipeline network and quantitative analysis of new methods for the study of crude oil flow network.Second, Indicator Kriging interpolating method is applied to fit the trend surfaces of source-collection system, as well as the distribution of domestic oilfields, seaports of oil import (including land ports), and domestic refineries, and then, the spatial correlation coefficients are used to determine the spatial correlation between them. All of these measures could deeply discriminate and interpretate the mechanism and its factors of China’s crude oil flow source-collection system. Furthermore, it could provide some enlightenment perspective and method on the other resources flow of coal, mineral and others.Finally, this paper combines spatial analysis and mathematical linear programming to optimize the crude oil flow channel network. This paper hopes it may provide some suggestion on reducing oil transportation cost, improving efficiency of crude oil’sspatial configuration, as well as a reference for other related research. |
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