Spatial Conflict And Governance Mechanism In Ethnic Areas With Fragile Ecological In China

Spatial relationship has been closely along with the process of globalization, spatial conflicts between human activities have also been ubiquitous, and attracts widely attention of academic circles. Many scholars from different perspective studied spatial deprivation, resources exploitation conflicts, economic conflicts of interest, environment conflicts and other uncoordinated relationship between the process of regional development, but lots of research results concentrated in contradictions and discordant relations in the horizontal direction which happened between different regions or groups in the same hierarchy compete for limited resources based on their own interests, neglected spatial conflicts in the vertical direction which happened between interest groups in different hierarchy who have the same interest objectives. Because of harsh natural environment in the western region of China, spot investigation is relatively difficult to carry out, plus the social and cultural environment of the western minority areas has its particularity, and social development issues are also more sensitive to some extent, so that the correlation study of regional conflicts in China mainly concentrated in eastern economically developed regions, the western region is still in the research gaps. The formation and governance of spatial conflicts in ethnic areas with fragile ecological in western China are typical, so explore spatial conflicts between actors in different hierarchy in ethnic areas with fragile ecological in western China has important significance for theory innovation and practice of regional development.Based on the review of domestic and overseas research achievements on regional development conflicts, this thesis systematically discussed formation mechanism, types and manifestations of spatial conflicts in ethnic areas with fragile ecological in China. On the basis of relevant literature and empirical study, this thesis further analyzed formation mechanism, types, manifestations and governance mechanism of spatial conflicts of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. This thesis got some new findings as follows:Firstly, spatial conflicts in western China are collision relations between actors from different spatial scales and hierarchy, and spatial conflicts in ethnic areas with fragile ecological in China are contradiction relations between high-hierarchy actors and local actors during the implementation process of external aids in local led by high-hierarchy actors. Due to the weak economic foundation, socio-economic development of ethnic areas with fragile ecological in China needs the great support of external forces, but the peculiar local minority religious cultures and fragile natural ecosystems determines that local development environment is sensitive to external disturbances, so spatial conflict relations exist between local-hierarchy actors and high-hierarchy actors with the same development goal.Secondly, spatial conflicts in ethnic areas with fragile ecological in China are formed by endogenous factors and exogenous factors. The endogenous factors include local ecological factors, economic factors, religious and cultural factors, and these factors can be simply summarized as instability structure of local ecosystems and economic system and the unique nature of ethnic and religious culture, which are more sensitive to external forces. The exogenous factors include globalization and regional hierarchical relationship. Globalization requires the commonality governance of the world’s social and economic development, the essence of globalization is assimilatory power to promote the flow of capital and technology in various spatial scales, industrialization and urbanization have been the theme of regional development model in developing countries and regions. The different hierarchy of administrative regions in China formed a vertical structure with the highest hierarchy as a starting point, and through the middle hierarchy until the lowest hierarchy for endpoint, the policies and measures formulated by high hierarchy actors have universality, and cannot be entirely suitable for a specific low hierarchy administrative region. To sum up, the economic, ecological, religious and cultural environment of ethnic areas with fragile ecological in China has its own uniqueness, when the universal policies and measures formulated by high hierarchy actors spread in ethnic areas with fragile ecological, because of external strength are inconsistent with the actual of local, and then resulting in spatial conflict.Thirdly, spatial conflicts in ethnic areas with fragile ecological in China have a variety of types and manifestations. There are two classification standards of spatial conflicts:actors and occur fields, the former includes local-hierarchy actors and high-hierarchy actors, the latter includes social, economic and ecological. According to the division standards, spatial conflicts in ethnic areas with fragile ecological can be divided into economic conflicts between local-hierarchy actors and high-hierarchy actors, ecological conflicts between local-hierarchy actors and high-hierarchy actors and social conflicts between local-hierarchy actors and high-hierarchy actors. Spatial conflicts of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture mainly embodies in local non-adaptive of transformation of production, lifestyle changing and ecological governance measures which dominated by high-hierarchy actors, or the implementation effect of policy measures is not ideal.Fourthly, governance of spatial conflicts requires internal governance mechanism and external governance mechanism play a role together. Because spatial conflicts in ethnic areas with fragile ecological in China are formed by endogenous factors and exogenous factors, so this thesis insists that rely only on the single force, whether local forces or external forces, is very difficult to achieve the purpose of spatial conflict governance. Base on the empirical study of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, this thesis point out that governance and coordination of spatial conflicts in Gannan should be concentrated in the following aspects:On the one hand, the governance of spatial conflicts should give full consideration to the positive role of local forces, and retain some local fine traditional culture of Gannan about respect for nature and ecological concerns during the regional development process. Local knowledge and actors should play a principal role in the social, economic and ecological fields, especially to play the role of the monks groups. Religious groups should be brought into public management track which is dominated by government to achieve the harmonious coexistence of traditional religious culture and modern management methods, and guid local actors to gradually accept the modern production mode and lifestyle; On the other hand, modality and contents of external aids need to be improved and perfected, changing from current investment in infrastructure projects to assistance of talents and cultural exchanges. A new external support-oriented inter-district linkage mechanism can be established to promote linkage effects of multi-management level, and the binding mode of external forces and Gannan should be adjusted incessant according to the actual demand of local socio-economic development. Thus the ability and level of coordinated development of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture will be enhanced greatly.