The Research On Marxian Perspective Of Ecology

Since the middle of the twentieth century, the ecological crisis has become a global problem. In different stages of the social development, human beings reflect on their own behavior, give different perspectives and theories on ways to solve the ecological problem and form different ecological views. As a part of superstructure of concept, the perspective of ecology appears with the emergence of the ecological crisis and develops with the expansion of human beings’ecological practice. Marxian perspective of ecology is a basic point of view and overall understanding, and is about the relationship between human and nature, society and himself and a theoretical system of the summary philosophically, whose purpose is not to explain the ecological problems but to reveal the capitalist exploitation of man and exploitation of nature and as a guide to provide a theory for dealing with the relationship between human and nature, society and himself in human practice.The development of Marxian perspective of ecology includes Marx and Engels’ ecological thoughts, including the western Marxism, Soviet Marxism and sinicized Marxism which is the inheritance and development of Marx and Engels’ ecological thoughts of ecological theory. Marx and Engels’ ecological thoughts have been gradually improved with the development of Marx theory. So the stage of the ecological thoughts can be divided into the embryonic period, the evolutionary period and the perfecting period. The ecological thoughts of Marx and Engels are a basic point of view and overall understanding, based on Marx Engels’ view of practice, view of nature, historical materialism and materialistic dialectics. They mainly include the view of humanized nature in practical materialism, based on the theory of alienated labor and historical materialistic perspective, criticizing capitalist ecology, and solve ecological problems. The subjects of the research include nature and environment as well as human and society. The contents of the research include the relationship between human and nature as well as the relationship between human and society, human and himself. Marx and Engels argue that the efficient cause of ecological crisis is the alienation of the relationship between human and nature. But the underlying cause lies in the alienation of the relationship between human and society and represents the alienation of the relationship between human and nature. The source of the tension between human and nature is not the relationship between human and nature but the relationship between human and society, not technology, consumption concept, anthropocentrism etc., but the capitalist relations of production formed in the course of practice. The development of the perspective of ecology of western Marxism mainly experienced the early view of nature of western Marxism, the view of nature of Frankfurt school and the view of ecological Marxism. Marxian ecological thoughts were inherited and developed in Soviet Russia mainly by Plekhanov interpreting Marx’s geographical theory, Bukharin proposing the balanced theory of society an nature, H.T. Frolov regarding the essence of ecological problems as the social problems. The inheritance and development of sinicized Marxism is mainly embodied with the slogan of "greening the motherland", the policy of "environmental protection", the viewpoint of sustainable development and the scientific outlook on development.In the content of Marxian perspective of ecology, this article starts from the analysis of the category of practice, borrowing from Professor Lin Jian’s viewpoint, the double-layer structure of Marx’s practical historical materialism, proposed to solve the contradictions between the category of practice and spiritual production. It takes practice as its logical starting point, takes the underlying structure and the surface structure of Marxian perspective of ecology as the logic frame to unfold, and takes the free and all-round development of man as its logical conclusion. The underlying structure of Marxian perspective of ecology includes ecological view of practical materialism, the view of ecological-harmonious society andhumanistic ecology. The surface structure mainly includes ecological economy of sustainable development, ecological politics with distinct characteristics of class and ecological culture with reflection on the rationality of science and technology.Therefore, there is an identity between the path to solve the ecological crisis and the abandonment of the capitalist system and the path to achieve human’s free and comprehensive development. Only by Marx’s historical materialism as a guide and by the combination of Marxian capitalist economic critical theory and ecological criticism theory, from the three aspects of the base of the development of productivity, the core of change of production relation and the guide of the superstructure, can we truly find practical ways to solve the ecological crisis. In the base of the development of productivity, the development of the productive forces, the object of labor, labor workers of three important elements and science and technology provides precondition for solving the ecological crisis. In the core of change of production relation, in the static producing data system of ownership, through the analysis of common and conflict of ecological interest, we arrive at the conclusion that if nation and the private ownership of production relations are extinguished can common ecological interests be achieved. If the private ownership of production relations is extinguished, alienated labor and old-style division of labor should be extinguished. In the four dynamic links including production, distribution, exchange and consumption, through the establishment of the mechanism of ecological interests, including the control mechanism of ecological cost in production, ecology compensation mechanism in distribution, ecology justice mechanism in exchange and ecology regeneration mechanism in consumption, the ecological transformation of the private ownership of production relations can be realized. In the guide of the reaction of the superstructure, ecological politics and ecological culture react to the solution of the ecological problems but this reaction is understood based on the first two and the reaction is not essential to the solution of the ecological crisis.Marxian perspective of ecology has the characteristics of ecological criticism spirit based on of philosophy, the ecological philosophy of harmonious development, and ecological practice of transformation of the world. In the practice to solve global ecological crisis, Marxian perspective of ecology provides theoretical guide in the three aspects of epistemology, axiology and methodology and reveals the regularities and incentives of the development of ecological civilization. From the point of view of ecological communication, the solutions of the conflict and the integration of the ecological civilization are analyzed, namely, reform of the private mode of production based on the universal communication.The research on Marxian perspective of ecology has gradually become an academic focus. This is the inherent theoretical logic evolution and also the realistic requirement of the ecological crisis. Marxian perspective of ecology shows more and more theoretical strength in the situation of the global ecological crisis.