| Tiger, at the top of the food chain in forest ecosystem, has a very good indication of healthy forest and virtuous cycle ecosystem. Amur tiger is endemic in China and class I protected animal, and it is currently one of the world’s most endangered wildlife species. Hunchun Amur Tiger National Nature Reserve is a only national nature reserve of Amur tiger and the far eastern leopard in Jilin province. The reserve is located at the border of Russian Primorye Borisovkoe Plateau Zakaznik and Barsovy Zakaznik, it is the most active part of wild tigers and has the highest population density of tigers in our country. Due to excellent location, the reserve not only becomes a provenance where the Amur tiger could spread from Russia and North Korea to the territory of China, but also becomes the only way that the Amur tiger could spread to Wangqing Nature Reserve, Lao-Ye-Ling Mountains, Huangnihe and other vast inland forests. In order to fully understand the current status of the tiger about conservation, monitoring, habitat distribution and human interference, field survey were carried out in Jilin Hunchun, and combined 3S technology, ecological niche modeling, theory of landscape ecology and methord to analyze the tiger habitats. The results of this study could provide a reference for habitat suitability, conservation, habitat restoration and management. The brief results are as following:1. By the support of forestry survey data, remote sensing images, Amur tiger appearance points and other relevant information, tiger habitat suitability is evaluated by using 3S technology, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and GIS map algebra. Study shows that:the Weight Value was calculated by using AHP, the Value of human interference is the largest, which is 0.493, the vegetation factor is second. Suitable habitat for the Amur tiger mainly distributed in Madida, southeast of Yangpao, north and south of Qinglongtai Forestry Farm, southwest of Xibeigou in Hunchun Amur Tiger National Nature Reserve, in addition to the Nature Reserve, suitable habitat for Amur tiger also mainly distributed in Heshan Forestry farm, west part of Jiefang Forestry Farm, northwest part of Dahuanggou, cross-forest belt of Sandaogou and Wudaogou Forestry Farm. The suitable habitat area is 157146.73ha that accounted for 31.25% of the study area,The sub-suitable habitat is 250752.28ha and accounted for 49.87%, The unsuitable areas are mainly towns, large of farmland etc and is accounted for 49.87%. 2. Using ecological niche model--MaxEnt(maximum entropy model) combined 3S data processing technology to forecast the tiger potential habitat distribution. Predictions show that tiger potential habitat is mostly concentrated in south and southeast of Hunchun Amur Tiger National Nature Reserve. Potential habitat distributed in Mijiang town,in which is the southwest of Hunchun, Chunhua town and Hadamen town, all of them are belong to the peripheral area of the nature reserve,at the same time, they play an important corridor role on Amur tiger spreading to China’s vast forests.3. By using those theory of landscape ecological and landscape connectivity, the methods of minimum cost distance model,GIS modeling and density analysis, this chapter predicts the geographical space distribution and the best corridor path that Amur tiger could spread or migrate from Hunchun Amur Tiger National Nature Reserve to the vast forest of Wangqing, Lao-Ye-Ling Mountains, Huangnihe and so on. The results show that the corridor is mainly distributed in the area of Chunhua-Qing longgang forestry farm, Da huanggou-Jiefang forestry farm and Xi beigou-Wu daogou forestry farm in Hunchun.4. From the investigation of Hunchun’s status quo, we learned that Amur tigers are disturbed in their daily activities by human interferance factors, which are forest frog breeding, grazing and forest land reclamation for planting ginseng in Hunchun Amur Tiger National Nature Reserve. Analyzing the distribution of water networks and geographic distribution of frog farms in the reserve, after buffering 500m of rivers with buffer technology, and assuming that all human activities within the buffer zone,the outcome shows that the buffer zone accounted for more than 60%. Otherwise, the distribution of forest frog fields are scattered in the reserve, the condition phenomenon make the activity scope of Amur tigers compressed largely. Meanwhile,the phenomenon that dogs of forest frog hunt wild animals has occured frequently, a large of vegetation have been destroyed obviously by extensive pasture, the structures of vegetation is changed, livestock compete with wild plant-eating animals for food, and disturb the wild animals’daily activities. Planting ginseng destroy the structure of forest, finally soil reduce the ability of retaining water.Overall, in order to strengthen the work for the protection of wild Amur tiger’s habitat, the paper puts forward some suggestions:reducing human activities in forest region, performing measure of ecological migration from the reserve, improving relevant laws and regulations, publicizing the importance of protecting wild animals, perfecting the compensation mechanism, strengthening the patrol and protection work for wild Amur tiger in the habitat, timely cleaning the set of hunting within habitat, etc. |
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