| As the tremendous speed of China’s economy growth, the acceleration of urbanization, rural-urban migration, the expanding speed of metropolis in either scale and quantity becomes enormous. Certain important eco-corridors were cut off. Natural eco-environment can hardly stand the impact led by such growth. Decreasing function of eco-environment, eco-system deterioration, have caused severe influence to people’s life. These issues have endangered contemporary social production and people’s daily life. It has become one of the major obstacles to human’s survival and the sustainability of economic growth.Landscape ecological pattern reflects the eco-process of regional landscape. Such pattern could either improve or degenerate the quality of eco-environment. Irrational pattern would raise many eco-concerns, pollution, climate warming, urban flood, etc. Research indicates that, the optimization of landscape ecological pattern is an alternative to protect eco-environment; and to maintain the stability of regional eco-system function, material and energy cycling. The methodology of building up comprehensive optimizing model of landscape ecological pattern considers not only the matching of “vertical dimension”, but also focuses on the horizontal interactions of landscape and its overall arrangement following. Such is a plausible method to macro-control the landscape ecological pattern.Presently the optimizing of landscape ecological pattern stays still in qualitative and quantitative analysis, limited plausible methods could be taken in dealing with many pragmatic issues. And that in terms of landscape measurement, current achievement of research mostly prefers region of huge scale. Difficulties may be found in reflecting the matching relationship between pattern and process, and the influence on landscape functions followed by its pattern, notably short in studying metropolis from respect of eco-landscape. On basis of eco-landscape theory “Plaque-Corridor-Matrix”, to scientifically identify eco-source, corridor, node and matrix, to weave urban space in eco-network, accordingly optimizing landscape ecological pattern, regulating and controlling regional eco-environment, improving the cohesion of eco-function, collectively, are effective ways of solving problems.Ecology process is a new and promising perspective to study landscape ecological pattern. Nevertheless, limited means left scholars short-handed. Since the highly interactive fabric of urban land and the reverse condition of eco-network at present, the eco-network-aimed landscape pattern can constitute an effective supplement to traditional urban planning. This research aims at the fulfillment by which we can analyze and assess urban eco-network in order to structure landscape ecological pattern of integral function and interactive landscape ecological pattern.This dissertation takes Harbin as research sample, making space analysis and assessment on urban eco-network. Hence it could optimize the landscape ecological pattern factors in the network “eco-source, eco-corridor, eco-node, eco-matrix”. This approach is to supply the current empiricism in analysis of Harbin’s eco-network and the following policies. On basis of “plaque-corridor-matrix”pattern, the author utilizes scientific means to recognize eco-source, corridor, node and matrix in order to structure urban eco-network and analyze the spread of connections. So as to emphasize the key point in optimizing process, as well as to optimize the quantity and spatial pattern of “eco source, corridor, node, matrix” network in research sample, and to use GIS tech and CA-Marcov model to fulfill the optimization of landscape ecological pattern, to structure eco-necessary landscape ecological pattern, increase the level of urban eco interaction. The endeavors will proceed to sustain the steady development of landscape ecological pattern. The achievement of such research will provide scientific evidence and theoretical guidance for eco-protection and planning for urban with common and small scale. The major content and achievement of this research are as follows:Firstly, this dissertation uses spatial parameters--form of eco source index, degree of eco-source, degree of eco node, γ、?、α index, to assess the eco-network’s factors of eco source, corridor and node. It contributes to the visualization of urban eco-network’s space, resolving the mismatch problem between assessment index and the space of eco network. It is a breakthrough for the limitation of taking single index to visualize urban assessments. This dissertation refers to the planning data from general plannings from 2011 to 2020 of Harbin, using accumulative cost distance model, scientifically recognizing sample region’s eco source, corridor and node to build fundamental urban eco-aimed land assessment model based on the structural relationship of the three.It further calculates eco source form index,γ、?、α index in various eco-corridor or eco-source degree aiming at assessing the degree of regional eco-network interactions. Author applied Jenks natural breaks classification to regional eco-source, corridor and node, systemically analyzing their spread pattern of interaction. The outcome indicates that, a variety of eco-source tend to be simplified, eco-corridor connects in an unbalanced pattern, green land eco-source interacts frequently with external, reversely the scenic with external; internal eco-source interacts frequently with external but reversely the external with external; part of forest land eco-source and grass land eco-source was overly cut-off by eco-corridors, scenic spot reversely; not all range of eco-source were passed through by eco-corridor, limited scenic spots are found to pass through eco-source or nodes; seldom did related area passed through by eco-source or corridor; the northern part in the spatial eco network hardly connects with the southwestern eco-corridor, Eastern eco-corridor was on the middle level, several eco-corridors connects well in the the mid.Secondly, this dissertation applys Arc GIS tech to extract the spread circumstances of outward and inward land, respectively. Therefore author could analyze the altering condition of space on eco-land. Outcomes indicates that: quantity of eco-land(1995-2014) in research region decreased generally, the major loss owes to increasing land of traffic which proves the rapid development of urban traffic system in Harbin. Eco-land has been and still being transferred to other types, in big-small order: traffic, living, agriculture, production. On that basis, author uses CA-Marcov model to simulate space spread in 2030, the outcome indicates: in the research eco-matrix, land of production and living would expand at different extent, area of agriculture would decline. It could be expected that under such trend of land transferring, eco-land would expand, eco construction will be firmed continually.This dissertation takes mid and small scale, differentiating past macroscopic research, on basis of eco-source shape index and degree, or eco-node degree, γ、?、α index, using CA-Marcov model and GIS tech to simulate, in space, the eco-network and its various landscape-consisted matrix in research region. The approach is to optimize the eco functions and pattern interactions in research region.Outcomes indicate that, optimized eco-source trends in consistency in both east-west and north-south dimension. Corridors connecting large eco-sources, and those connecting large and small eco-sources are the major network of eco-corridors. Perimeter of the research region and 60% the center part is the blind spot, for which it should be reinforced with eco methods. Newly added eco land basically spreads alongside water area, the others were developed as the greenland eco-source and scenic eco-source. Fraction lies around forestland source.This dissertation tries to inlay the construction land to urban pattern landscape ecological pattern, thus changes the tradition inserting ecological inside urban land, systematically structuring eco-oriented urban mode. This mode evolves traditional planning in respect of the ignorance of eco fluency and evaluation, overly land commercialization, notably lacking consideration of vertical and horizontal fluency which may lead to the geometric cut-off cluttering natural process.Confronted with the context that, high interactions of construction land and the opposite situation of eco-network, the inlay urban landscape ecological pattern mode enriches the intersection content of urban planning and ecology. It is also a supplement to methodology and epistemology of research subjected to urban planning. It serves also as scientific reference and practices for the establishment of general planning and improvement of eco-environment. This dissertation based on the outcomes of landscape ecological pattern optimization for research area, structures an ideal landscape ecological pattern for the downtown of Harbin. It introduces an preliminary hierarchy for the landscape ecological pattern planning, on both the general and regulatory level. In light of that, it proposes the regulatory strategy of landscape ecological pattern for Harbin downtown, providing scientific reference to urban general and regulatory planning. |
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