The Study Of The Casimir-Polder Force In Low Dimensional Systems

The existence of vacuum fluctuations is an important fundamental consequence ofquantum field theory. In electrodynamics, vacuum fluctuations can induce someimportant effects, such as, spontaneous decay, Lamb shift, and Casimir andCasimir-Polder forces, etc. Moreover, Casimir and Casimir-Polder forces are amongthe observable manifestations of vacuum fluctuations and the quantum nature ofradiation field at the macroscopic level.In1948, Casimir and Polder predicted the existence of an attractive force betweena neutral atom and a perfectly conducting plane as well as between two neutral atoms invacuum, which is called Casimir-Polder force. Since then, extensive theoretical andexperimental attention has been paid to this subject. On the theoretical side, manyresearches have been devoted to investigate the Casimir-Polder force in variesgeometries made of different materials. On the experimental side, after the breakthroughexperiment of Sukenik et al., more and more experimental attention is paid to observingthe Casimir-Polder force and performing high-precision measurement by differenttechniques. The Casimir-Polder force has been widely applied to nanotechnology, atomoptics, condensed-matter, cavity QED, etc.In this paper, we mainly study the Casimir-Polder force in low dimensionalsystems. First, the atom-wall Casimir-Polder force in a cavity comprising a dielectricwith one-side output coupling is calculated by using the perturbation theory. And theeffects of the dielectric, the size of the cavity and the cavity loss on the atom-wallCasimir-Polder force are studied. Then, the dynamical atom-wall Casimir-Polder forcesin the cavity comprising a dielectric with one-side output coupling are investigatedwhen the system starts from the bare ground state and the partially dressed state,respectively. The influences of different initial states, the dielectric and the size of thecavity on the dynamical evolution of the Casimir-Polder force are also studied. Finally,the electronic Casimir-Polder force between two impurity atoms in a realistic solidsystem comprising a one-dimensional nanowire and two impurity atoms is investigated.And the effects of the nanowire and finite temperature on the electronic Casimir-Polderforce are discussed, respectively.