Natural Science’s Argument Of Dialectical Thinking

Natural dialectic is people’s normal understanding toward Engels’ dialectic.However, from Lukacs, natural dialectic was considered as a subject of findingabstract natural dialectical law and criticized. Normally, people deems that in Marx’opinion dialectic is a way of thinking which is connecting with human and barelyfittable for the field of society and history. On the other hand, Engels consider dialecticas an objective law of abstracting nature itself which is independent on human.Therefore, he misunderstands Marx’ theory toward dialectic.The critiques toward Engels’ natural dialectic was originated from WesternMarxism and western Marxology. Western Marxism and western Marxology tried toget rid of the statement of orthodox Marxism of the Soviet Union and restore TrueMarxism. Both of them recognized that orthodox Marxism of the Soviet Union waslimited, but they attributed the limitation to Engels, especially Engels’ natural dialectic.From then on, people began to criticize his Engels’ natural dialectic.People’s critiques toward Engels’ natural dialectic were based on two reasons. Onone hand, the conception of nature was considered as abstract nature and the naturaldialectic was considered as a subject of finding abstract natural dialectical law, andthey deemed that the abstract nature view revealed by natural dialectic did not accordwith Marx’ nature view and lowered the level of Marx’ nature view. On the other hand,dialectic in the education system of Marxism philosophy was considered as the sameas Engels’ dialectic, deemed that Engels considered dialectic as the conception ofmovement, development and so on, and then argues that the dialectic which isconnected to the way of human’s thinking barely applied to the field of society andhistory, and existed in nature, human society and the field of thinking as an objectivelaw in the form of Metaphysics’ three kind of law. But this two kind of critiques did notaccord with Engels’ original meaning of Engels’ natural dialectic.Firstly, Engels’ natural dialectic was considered as a subject of finding abstractnatural dialectical law and considered it as Engels’ understanding which did not accordwith Engels’ personal understanding. Through Engels, argument toward Engels’ natural dialectic, we can find that Engels’ natural dialectic refers to the research of dialectic innatural science. Engels’ research aimed to reveal the dialectical development of naturethrough the achievement of natural science. The nature view in Engels’ naturaldialectic accorded with Marx’ Great history view that constitute of nature view andhistory view based on the combination of human and nature. Engels’ final aim wasrevealing the development of society and history, made people recognized the law ofhuman society and history development easily and clearly.Secondly, Engels understanding of dialectic was based on the relation betweendialectic and the basic problem of philosophy, the nature of philosophy andphilosophical way of thinking. He proposed that the basic problem of philosophy wasthe relationship between thinking and being. Different from other subjects, philosophyinvestigates the fact over and over again to consider whether and how thinking andbeing can unify. And other subjects deems the relation between being and thinking as afact that dominates our theoretical thinking absolutely but never research this fact.Philosophical thinking is absolutely different from other subjects because othersubjects does not talk about the absolute fact and attributes the unification of thinkingand being to a direct unification of being and thinking. But philosophy deems that theunification of thinking and being is undergoing a dialectical process through theinvestigation of the fact. Therefore, dialectical thinking is the only way that accordswith the nature of philosophy.Moreover, because nowadays natural science research requires a large numbermaterials of empirical knowledge, it needs to realize the inside relation among everyfield of knowledge and research. Natural science research comes into the realm oftheoretical researching where can barely use dialectical thinking. Based on thismeaning, Engels considers metaphysics as a way of thinking that accords with people’snormal life and considers dialectic as a theoretical thinking that accords withphilosophy’s nature.Because Engels considers dialectic as a way of thinking accords with philosophy’snature, and philosophy deems the achievement of the subjects of nature and humansociety as target. Thus, dialectic did not barely refer to a law of thinking that wasappropriate to abstract thinking, but itself also formed from a reconsidering processand can be demonstrated by the achievement and process of human society andhistory’s subjects. The real meaning of Engels’ natural dialectic is Engels’ reconsidering process of the development of natural science which is demonstrated by theachievement of natural science and overturned Hegel’s reversed dialectical theory.The final aim of Engels natural dialectic is for people to understand historicalmaterialism which is now shown as scientific socialism. Engels deems historicalmaterialism is the only thing can correctly reveals the development of human historyand society. However, correctly understanding historical materialism and naturalsocialism is closely related with dialectical thinking. But fostering dialectical thinkingand getting rid of metaphysics depends on revealing dialectical thinking in the field ofnatural science and overturning the eternal truth which is shown as capitalism’s way ofproducing. Engels’s natural dialectic appears to foster dialectical thinking and get rid ofthe thinking way of metaphysics. Therefore, based on the understanding of historicalmaterialism which considers the way of producing of capitalism is the special productin a special development of human labor force. And Engels judges that finally this kindof labor force is necessarily replaced by proletariat’s and goes to and end.