| The bird resources were rich in the lower reaches of the Yalu River, and belong to 18 orders, 63 families and 353 species, among which 49 was resident birds, 69 was winter birds, 78 was summer birds including 8 species winter here; 48 species were protected in the second class, and 11 are in the first class; 11 were EN, 12 were VU, 1 were CR according to the IUCN list. 16 species were new recorder in the area during migration: Phalacrocorax capillatus, Aythya nyroca, Tringa guttifer, Eurynorhynchus pygmeus, Limicola falcinellus, Philomachus pugnax, Phalaropus fulicarius, Pycnonotus sinensis, Sturnus sericeus, Sturnus vulgaris, Larus heuglini, Larus cachinnans, Larus hyperboreus, Larus minutus, Larus relictus, Anthus rubescens, and 4 species were new recorder of breeding birds in the lower reaches of Yalu river: Egretta intermedia, Remiz consobrinus, Cisticola juncidis and Aix galericulata.There were differences of migration of some water birds between spring and autumn, numbers of encountering migrating birds each day were more in spring than in autumn, and so as the degree of concentration in migrating period.There were 3 egrets breeding sites in the lower reaches of the Yalu river, and total number of nests was 3,540, estimated nest productivity was 10,620 nestlings; Fajia Shan hills was the new breeding site for egrets from 2005.3 eco-geography regions existed from north to south in the lower reaches of the Yalu River: northern low-relief terrain, central hills, southern coastal plain. The Yalu River was an important corridor for bird migration, all the channel islets were foot-stone for migrating birds just as the Mandarin Duck selected Mongniu shao as a breeding patch.We found Tadorna ferruginea, Anser fabalis and Anser albifrons wintering in the Yalu River Nature Reserve, ricefield was the important feeding ground, and more than 14 bird species, such as Larus saundersi and Megalurus pryeri breeding here. We also found 243 individuls of the male Japanese marsh warbler breeding in the reedmarsh in 4 years, and the reedfield management methods such as reed cutting, irrigation, grass burning all influence the breeding of the warbler. Cover of total grasses accounted for 17.7% of the changes in nest height. Irrigation before 16 May with less than 8cm water depth would benefit the expandation of the breeding population in the dry grass patch of reed- Calamagrostis epigejos, Juncus gracillimus, or Scirpus planiculmis community. The reedfield with shallow water after turning up attracted the wading bird; grass cutting may increase the output of the reed, but decrease the diversity of the breeding bird with only Acrocephalus orientalis breed in the reedmarsh.Artificial wtlands may attract some species of wading and/or beeding birds, but motor vehicles may also killed the breeding birds when fly over the road.Conservation plan should be put into practice in period, region, habitat, and bird species including making propaganda of protection, placing importance of restoration and ecological assessment of engineering construction. To migrating birds, the intertidal flat, Channel islets, reservoir, including the plant all around should be protected and restored; to winter birds, shrub around the forest, forest of stream valley and river should be plantsd including the evergreen coniferous forest such as Korean pine; to breeding birds, such as endangered birds Japanese marsh warbler and Saunder’s gull, enough big patch and reed-grass should be protected. The breeding birds could be protected when fly over the road through erecting warning signboard, speed limit signboard and isolation network along the road. Many geese and ducks were killed by human with poisonous drugs in winter in 2009, so they were in instant need of protection by wild animal protection law. |
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