.1949 To 1966, China's Socialist New Rural Construction Research

Since later Qing dynasty, the rural Chinese society became deteriorated more and more for imperialism invasion and feudalism deterioration. It was a common concern of saving and developing the countryside. After the movement of developing the countryside in later Qing dynasty, the movement of building countryside led by YAN Yang-chu and LIANG Su-ming arose in 20-30th of 20 century, but it couldn't solve the China's rural issue for its reformism essence. Since foundation of the CPC, the party pay great attention to the issue of peasant liberation and rural development. With the making of revolution road of putting the countryside as key and seizing political power by armed force, the CPC transformed its work center from the urban to the rural regions after 1927. Through rural political, economical, cultural and educational building on the basis of solving the land issue, the CPC created a new democratic countryside different absolutely from the regions governed by Kuomintang and obtained the great victory of Chinese revolution.Foundation of new China in 1949 witnessed the new historical page of Chinese building. Based on the sprit, principle and historical experience of the revolutionary bases, the CPC launched the movement of land reform erasing the feudal landlord-owned and movement of socialism transformation for the individual agriculture creating socialism new countryside characteristic of system of land public ownership. The creation of Chinese socialism countryside was an important aspect of rural building at the beginning of the new China. At the same time, the party and the government recovered the weak rural economy for the war's destruction through many measures. On the rural regions stepping on the socialism road, the CPC was exploring primarily the socialism new countryside building in the process of leading socialism building in all respects. The outline of national agriculture development during 1956-1966, drafted by Mao Zedong and perfected in six years, was the CPC's whole plan of socialism new countryside building. Guided by the outline, the causes of production, life, culture, education, health in Chinese rural regions developed greatly.The great leap forward and the movement of people's communalization was the typical manifestation of the CPC's great attention on the rural building and the symbolized the party's try for the new situation of socialism new countryside building. During the great leap forward guided by the outline of national agriculture development during 1956-1966, the party and the government advanced development of agricultural production and the rural building in all respects. The movement of people's communalization emerged in the process of the great leap forward, became the concrete aim and organization mode of the CPC's socialism new countryside building, which aimed profoundly at the great development of the productive force by promoting the productive relationships to higher collective ownership. However, it cannot be taken for such ways as advancing the countryside building by violating the law of social development and launching the mass movement. For the mistake of the great leap forward and the movement of people's communalization, there emerged serious difficulty from 1959, which resulted in the setback of socialism new countryside building.Facing with the serious difficulties, the central committee of the CPC and Mao Zedong began to correct the left mistakes in the rural works. On the one hand, they attempted to adjust the system of people's commune from utopia to reality. On the other hands, many effective measures was taken to advance the development of the rural productive force, reduce the peasant's burden and go on to advance the rural building, which promoted the progress of socialism new countryside building. At the same time, with the development of the left mistake characteristic of magnification of class struggle in party, the party's left mistake in the rural work developed rapidly also. The normal order of production and work in rural regions was impacted by the political movement. And the socialism new countryside building also experienced serious setback with the political colors of class struggle.As important constituent of socialism building of the first generation of the CPC's leadership, the socialism new countryside building during 1949-1966 achieved much. However, for the restriction of the economic and social development, the party's understanding to socialism and the time conditions, there existed mistakes and lessons also. It is of very importance to seriously conclude the successful experience and absorb the historical lessons for the socialism new countryside building in contemporary China.