| Agriculture is the source of basic subsistence resource in human society, the agricultural economy's steady growth for the China's national economy stability of great significance. Scientific and technological innovation to promote agricultural development are the source of power, while investment in R & D are the source of scientific and technological innovation, R&D investment efficiency has effected the international agricultural competition as well as international economic competition. Science and technology, social management systems are linked to large-scale through the macro-adjustment and optimization, to achieve breakthroughs in bottleneck of the objectives and requirements.Agricultural scientific and technological progress effects economic growth, it wills directly or indirectly to make changes in the labor process. As the source of agricultural science and technology-agricultural R&D investment, are the material foundations for scientific research, that are the inherent power of agriculture economic growth, are the core competitiveness. R&D investment is direct and indirect input costs to promote agricultural development, agricultural science and technology are the results of R&D investment. Over the past several decades, the increase in food supply is almost entirely dependent on domestic production growth in China, strengthening of agricultural research investment in order to increase the growth of the agricultural economy are good for future development.Since reform and opening up, China's economy has achieved remarkable results, determined by the market allocation of resources and external almost fully open economy so that vertical "Pareto improved "or" Kaldor improvement "can be deepened, however, the horizontal development of the various regions are not synchronized, along with China's rapid economic growth, the economic gap between various provinces showing a growing trends. Similarly, China's agricultural economic growth in the region is also very significant gap between the various areas; R&D investment is the engine of economic growth of China's regional economic, research on the different contributions to economic growth in the region is necessary. Agricultural R & D investment as an individual projects in complex synthesis, the role played by local factors combined effects. Policy-makers should consider the investment and agricultural production conditions, the level of economic development.The purpose of this paper from an economic perspective, based on analysis agricultural R & D investment's efficiency in various regional and impact on the efficiency of the macro factors, the focus of study in agricultural science research investment in all regions of the current situation and possible improvements side, finally looking for optimal allocation of investment in scientific research methods. This article is divided into eight chapters, the specific research content and conclusions as follows:Part 1:the stock of agricultural R & D investment in China.The benefits from investing in an agricultural research institute are not immediately apparent. Instead, it takes an average of more than 4 years before real results are achieved. In addition, the growth rates of the crop-plantation, animal husbandry and fishery industries are all different & affect the agricultural GDP differently. Therefore, in this essay, we offer advice of policies and strategies on the investment proportion & direction within the agricultural industries.Part 2:The efficiency of agricultural R&D investment in various areas, and the trend of change.Using non-parametric econometric methods, measurest various regional agricultural R & D investment efficiency, in accordance with the principle of "capital marginal yield homogenization", China's efficiency of agricultural R&D investment Can be optimized.In different regions, the marginal yield curve of agricultural R & D investment has the same basic trend, on the whole subject to the law of diminishing marginal returns. The efficiency of agricultural R&D investment Comply with the law of diminishing returns to scale. R&D investment in the region has not yet reached the optimal inter-configuration.Part 3:Description of thet of the efficiency of agricultural R&D investment in the macro-factors, search for regional optimal allocation of agricultural R & D investment.According to the efficiency of agricultural R & D investment, the factors of agricultural production, the factors of economic development and scientific management affect the efficiency of agricultural R&D investment. Agricultural production conditions reflect the basic conditions for agriculture; economic development conditions reflect the level of economic development; research and management conditions reflect the research and environmental conditions, plays the role of agricultural research investment protection.The factors of agricultural production, the total crop sown area, unit area of agricultural machinery usage, the effective irrigated area of crops accounted for the proportion of the total sown area, unit area of fertilizer application amount of the four variables on the efficiency of agricultural R & D investment in the most significant impact. To protect the material basis for agricultural production, increase technology inputs factors of production are from the agricultural production improve the efficiency of China's agricultural research investment in the solution.The factors of economic development, the GDP of agricultural production index variable for investment in scientific research affect the efficiency of the most significant, regional agricultural economic development for the provision of resources to support agricultural research; agricultural R & D investments are the most important support efficiency.The factors of the agricultural scientific research, research and human capital variables, unit employees in the government investment index variable, unit costs of scientific and technological personnel business index variables on the efficiency of agricultural research investment have a significant impact. In agricultural research management system, the importance of scientific research of human capital management, incentive mechanism, emphasis on research funding sources and expenditure structure, are to further improve the efficiency of China's agricultural research investment in the key.
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