The Space Structure Of The Domestic And Foreign Trade In Late-Qing And Republic Of China

The Space Structure of the Domestic and Foreign Trade in Late-Qing and Republic of China:Based on the China Imperial Customs Trade Data (1873-1942)The link intensity between ports, cities and airports were the most important index of space structure. But researches on stages of the structure evolution over a long period were not extensively conducted especially in Late Imperil China. In this paper, the space structure of foreign and domestic trade including 46 cities was analyzed based on the Imperial Customs foreign and domestic trade data.First of all, foreign trade in 12 ports was analyzed. We can get the division of functions of the Eastern region's most important commercial cities in the port system as well as the division's fluctuation in a long period. This reflected the hinterland's response to external stimuli. Overall, foreign trade showed more obvious spatial variation. Ports in South and North of Yangtze River showed different trends. Balance between imports and exports was showed in large ports and small port had more flexibility. Ports system in foreign trade has considerable space polarization, the overall size distribution showed the standard "rank-size" distribution.Furthermore, in 46 ports of domestic trade network, this paper analyzed the structure of the domestic distribution network, as well as the structure changes in a long time scale trends. The results reflected the logistics situation in the more developed eastern modern Chinese cities. In conclusion, domestic trade network had never been monopolistic port, and the spatial structure of the international trade network had multipolar trend. And as the expansion of domestic trade, the national ports showed a deconcentration process. In this study period, the international trade network port through three stages and reached its peak development before the war. With great internal differentiation in size and functions, the port system presented a Hub-Spoke network characteristic.This article studied Transit Trade in Hankou, Jiujiang, etc. This section reflected the trade flows between treaty port city and the next level cities (lower level around the city or rural area). This article summarized Transit Trade patterns of the South China, represented by Hankow. The hinterland of the Northern areas often overlapped with others, the Southern hinterland in space with the more obvious boundaries.And according to trade data, the typical spatial structure of regional trade in modern Shandong and Hunan were studied. Finally, the article discusses the the coupling between foreign trade and the domestic trade network and its long time scale trends. This paper was divided into several sections to cover as much as possible at all levels of national circulation, and thus the flow of trade.Then we had a a basic understanding on the trade.Finally, considering the study period (at least in the stage of pre-war, peak of domestic trade), there was a unified domestic market. This stage was also the foundation of modern urban system in the history period.