Research On Chinese Contemporary Unemployment And The Construction Of Harmonious Society

Employment is the root of the people's livelihood. As for the contemporary China, expanding employment and enhancing re-employment have great influence on the overall situation of the innovation and development, on the improvement of the standard of people's living, on the stability of the country and the construction of the harmonious socialist society. It is a fateful issue both economically and politically. The harmonious socialist society we plan to construct is the one spurring the overall citizen mix harmoniously by doing their best and in their proper places. Sufficient employment is the implication of harmonious socialist society. An adverse unemployment has been a big practical problem obsessing the construction of harmonious society in the contemporary China for a period of time. Giving the great pressure of population and employment, comparative lag in labor market development, rising of unemployment rate and numerous social problems aroused by unemployment, the investigation and settlement of the problems in employment appear rather important.Proceeding with the theories of employment issues and the construction of harmonious society, looking down from the development and value realization of man, this thesis innovatively probes into the relationship and interaction between sufficient employment and harmonious society. Based on social reality and abundant investigation data, it objectively reflects the present employment condition in China, discusses the disharmonious social factors caused by unemployment and brings forward the outlet and countermeasure of employment in the construction of harmonious society.Under the instruction of dialectical and historical materialism of Marxism, using the newest research productions of economics, management, demology, psychology and so on, mainly adopting the combining method of quantitative and qualitative analysis, the thesis carries out the research theoretically and demonstratively basing on the latter. The research methods of literature summary and theoretical co mparing are adopted to illustrate the theory of employment and harmonious society, the combinative researching method of theories and demonstration analysis to measure the relationship between sufficient employment and harmonious social theory, the combining method of quantitative and qualitative analysis to analyze the employment condition in the present China, and the combining method of actuality and countermeasure analysis to explain the solution to employment issue and the route of harmonious society construction. The purpose of the research is to further enrich and develop Marxism employment theory and harmonious socialist society construction theory and to bring forward the countermeasure and proposal for reference to promote employment and harmonious socialist society construction in reality.The illustration of unemployment and harmonious society construction is the theoretical foundation of this research. The first chapter is divided into two parts. The first part reviews the development and evolvement of the western employment theory, summarizes and analyses the main ones such as the employment theory in classical schools, the contemporary sufficiet employment theory of Keynes, the employment theory of new conservatism, phylogenic economics school and new Keynes, which provide theoretical reference for ours. It sums up the main content of employment of Marx and analyses the research of his unemployment in capitalism and the positive significance of labor employment theory, organizing the expanding of employment theory in the initial stages when the socialist countries founded and the innovation and breakthrough of Chinese-style employment theory since its innovation and opening-up policy. The second part organizes the harmonious society construction theories in the ancient China and the Western and also specializes in the harmonious socialist society theory, which establishes the strong theoretical foundation for the development of the whole research.The philosophical base of this research is the examination of the relationship between sufficient employment and harmonious society construction. The second chapter discusses their relationship and interaction philosophically. From the people-oriented and all-round development visual angle, the same objective exists in the both. Hominine subsistence, value embodiment and all-round development are the aims o f employment of man and the development of man is the starting point and goal of harmonious socialist society. Simultaneously, they promote each other on their ways to goal. That is, sufficient employment is the prerequisite of the realization of harmonious society and the building of harmonious socialist society will certainly provide favorable environment for sufficient employment from all lays. Thus, there is a benign interaction relationship between them. Particularly, employment has great influence on people's livelihood and the equal social base line, so whether the employment is sufficient or not affects the fundamental stability and all-round development of society. The rational employment policy, perfect law, square employment environment and abundant employment guarantee in harmonious society are all efficient approaches to promote employment and improve its whole condition.The analysis of the present employment condition in China serves as the practical foundation of this research. Based on abundant analysis of investigation data, using the combining method of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, the third chapter objectively analyses the evolvement and development of employment policy, discusses the present employment development and situation and sums up the main problems present in China. The development of employment policy successively experiences unified responsibility and distribution in planned economy, dual track system in social transition period and market-oriented policy in the initial stage of socialist market economy. The innovation and adjustment of employment policy will help to constantly adapt to the employment condition and efficiently solve the problems. The essential method to solve unemployment is the benign interaction between economic development and employment increase. The thesis probes into the general condition of unemployment in the high-speed developing economy in China by analyzing the situation of economic development and employment increase. After the investigation of the employment condition of graduates, off-farm workers and the group having trouble in employment, it discusses the present employment situation of the main employment groups in society and objectively reflects the annual employment situation taking 2009 as example. The three extruding basic employment conflicts, the imperfect employment service and guarantee system and the ubiquit ous employment discrimination are the main employment problems in the contemporary China.Objectively analyzing the disharmonious social factors caused by the employment problems in the contemporary China is the basic precondition and practical foundation to discuss the strategy to promote social harmony by sufficient employment. The fourth chapter concludes the disharmonious phenomenon caused by unemployment. Since the innovation and opening-up policy, the stratum in China has profoundly and generally changed. During the course, the existence of unemployment has directly differentiated all the social estates and led to their antagonizing trend and the decrease of the social class of the disadvantaged minority which result from the straight relevance between employment and income. Unemployment recomposes the present interest pattern, further expands the gap between the wealthy and poor and delaminate the interest of each social estate, while the interest of the disadvantaged group is despised and pressed to marginalization-inclined situation. At the same time, unemployment straightly squeezes social activity of man, deprives the jobless of the space to display the self-worth and individuality, which causes the fall of the whole culture-enriched progress. The phenomenon of employment discrimination arouses the disnaturing and dislocation of fairness in society, sex discrimination, handicapped discrimination, employment discrimination on undergraduates and off-farm workers whose ubiquity becomes the disharmony in the construction of harmonious socialist society.The goal of the thesis is to look for the effective method and countermeasure to solve unemployment and to promote the construction of harmonious social society through sufficient employment. The fifth chapter, the finality, collectively explores the way and outlet to solve unemployment and the construction of harmonious society. It indicates that the settlement of unemployment is a complex and long-term course which needs the joint participation and contribution from all sides of society. Firstly, the government should exert the dominant role to solve unemployment and promote employment by ceaselessly strengthening its own responsibility, establishing scientific employment policy, carrying out all employment regulations, per fecting the macro-control system, reinforcing the employment market supervision and so on.。Next, to ultimately solve unemployment depends on the development of economy. At present, the urgent and fatal strategy to facilitate the development of economy and achieve sufficient employment is to speed up the transformation of economic development mode and accelerate the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure. The thesis holds that increasing primary sector restructuring will fix employment population, reinforcing industrial sector development will expand employment opportunities and speeding up the development of service sector will ease employment pressure. The last, increasing comprehensive control and constructing overall social system to promote employment is the effective approach to solve the problem of employment. The problems of employment can be efficiently solved by strengthening education investment to enhance employment quality, by encouraging self-employed business to add employment opportunities, by improving employment guidance to perfect employment environment, by perfecting social welfare system to solve employment worries, by speeding up urban construction to expand employment capacity and so on.