Xinjiang City The National Business Community Change Research

Traditional anthropology often looks on the border areas, rural communities and their residents as the main object of study, but modern anthropology is exceeding the limitations of the rural, and puts the developing urban communities and their own population into its field of study. In the 1960s, urban anthropology which concerns about the ever-increasing urban communities and the urban population came into being. The conversions of this study's perspective are indications that anthropology keeps pace with the times; the conversions expressed the characterization of the evolution of human society in history. City ethnic communities is a part of urban communities, and the process of creation, development status and future direction of city ethnic communities are research hotspot and difficult problems of anthropology. The research into them plays an important role in the study of anthropology and ethnology. Based upon this, this dissertation responds to the shift of anthropology's research perspective, and puts a specific city ethnic community as a research object and the community people's economic life as the analysis focus of this study. This dissertation, as a case study, belongs to the scope of economic anthropology. What reasons changed an ethic community with a history of one hundred years from a traditional commercial-based, closed community into an opening up and modern community with a modern economic way of production? What factors play an important role in the formation and changes of Nanguan ethnic community? What are the driving forces in the changes of community's economic ways of production? How do we keep or reject the traditions of ethnic community in the process of urban modernization? Therefore, this dissertation focuses on the historical evolution of ethnic community, and makes good use of the dates of field work as well as the unique humanistic environment of ethnic community to analyze the transmutation process of economic patterns and residence patterns of ethnic communities. At the study, the author used a variety of means, such as field work, literature organization, interviews and statistics, and conducts a comprehensive perspective to the ethnic community that is rooted in the process of the urbanization and modernization. The author has deeply analyzed the main causes of this commercial community change.The study on Nanguan ethnic community is a specific analysis that combines theory and practice. Their significance can provide some enlightenment to the development of ethnic cities for Xinjiang and even the nation in the process of modernization; can provide some new perspectives and methods to those who are engaged in ethnic communities' studies. For instance, the author used methods of ethnology, urban anthropology and theory of community studies, and tried to show the course of the economic structure changes through reconstruction of ethnic community's history. In the process of modernization of ethnic community in city, the author thinks that we should better protect the traditional culture of ethnic communities, should pay more attention to the difficulties of the communities of ethnic minorities in the economic transition in order to maintain the community's stability and development. The ethnic community should also adjust to the modernization of the metropolis, seek for a balance point between the tradition and the modern, and take constructing the harmonious community as the goal to accelerate realizing the modernization with an active psychology. The Nanguan ethnic community's commercial development and the promotion are products of modern society with the inevitability and the logicality of history. We should expose the community in the whole background social in order to explore the development model of ethnic community. The Nanguan ethnic community in Urumqi is from closed to open, from traditional to modern changes; it is because our country is in a particular historical period from a traditional society to a modern society, from a planned economy to a market economy, its development and future benefit from the attention our country pays to ethnic minority and its traditions after the reform and opening-up of country. These reasons have caused the transformation from the traditional production method and the modern production method of ethnic community.This dissertation is composed by six chapters. Chapter I deals with some of the major research questions, thesis research topic, and research theoretical and practical significance of the dissertation, the theoretical foundation and research progress. Chapter II discusses the history of the formation of ethnic communities, the source of population and the living patterns of ethnic community. Chapter III carries on the review to the ethnic community's financial circumstance, analyzes the ethnic community's commercial constitution and the fundamental type, summarizes the community folk industrialists and businessmen's social activities and the management characteristics. In the analysis the author involved the problem of socialist transformation of community privately-run enterprises, which has shown the fact that the state power gradually infiltrates the production and life of the ethnic community through the socialist transformation of industry and commercial . The article throws light upon the process of ethnic community's economic. Chapter IV has promulgated the relations of national minority economy and the bazaar through the excavation of Bazaar function, and emphasizes the harmonious of the traditional bazaar and the modernization. Chapter V mainly summarizes the reasons of the ethnic community changes. The author thought that the economic policy, the national policy, the technological innovation, the urban planning construction are the reasons of the community changes. Chapter VI mainly elaborates the relations of urban modernization and community. Based on this, the author proposed that the municipal authorities should make good use of the national culture positively in the process of urban modernization, should let achievements of the urban modernization benefit all the people. Finally the author made a bold forecast of the ethnic community's prospects.Most of previous anthropological research results have some tendency to the use of literature data, but the author differs from others in the use of research data of the ethnic communities of Nanguan. In the study the author fully took advantage of the merits of field investigation and effectively combined the literature survey and field investigation ; in the respect of the geographical research , in the past, many anthropologists focused on rural areas, but in this dissertation objects of study are city ethnic communities; in the respect of perspective on the study, previous studies mostly are case study and the topic-oriented, although this article is also a case study, national ethnic community chosen by the author is very typical and representative. At the same time, in Xinjiang, and even across the whole country there are a lot of urban ethnic communities that are facing the same or similar development of reality with Nanguan, so this study has the universal significance. It revealed not only a special aspect of community development but also a reflection of general aspect of its development, which can further enrich the community theory. In this thesis induction and prediction on the historical evolution of ethnic communities and future development have a strong persuasion, have reference function to the theory of urban ethnic community, and contributes to theory summary and accumulation of case study information of urban anthropology, which is still at the initial stage of the development. The innovation of this article lies in them.