Studies On Water-saving Farming Systems In Northern Part Of China

This research divided the northern part of China into 6 areas to research water-saving farming systems basing on the situation of the disequilibrium between the grain production and water resource: the drought and the irrigation area in northeast china, the drought and the irrigation region in Huanghuaihai area, the drought and the irrigation area in northwest china.The article analized the characteristic of water using of the main crops and the main cropping systems, compared the economic benefit of the water-saving planting patterns, studied the economic benefit, the water-saving benefit and participatory farmers survey results etc. of the water-saving technologies. Main conclusions are as follows:(1)The main issue in the irrigation area of northeast China is to improve the usingefficiency of the water resource and the main resolvent is the application of the water-saving technologis. The rice planting area could be reduced and to plant corn instead. It will plant one season crops in a year better in this area. The order of the development of water-saving technologies is: farming measure, agricultural technology system, covering measure, the water-saving plant arrangement, the layout of water-saving irrigation, etc.(2) The main issue in the drought area of northeast China is to improve the land production capability, to build the kind-environmental farming system, and the main resolvent is the selectiong of the water-saving plant pattern and technologis. The corn and the sorghum should be holding the line and the area of the millet and the peanut should be increased. It will plant one season crops in a year better in this area. The order of the development of water-saving technologies is: organic fertilizer with straw mulching technology, fanning measure, agricultural technology system, covering measure, etc.(3)The main issue in the irrigation area which is rich in water resource of Huanghuaihai area in northern china is to improve the agriculatural output and the main resolvent is the application of the water-saving technologis. The plant mode should be keep wheat-corn mode in a year. The main issue in the irrigation area which is in the average level of water resource of Huanghuaihai area in northern china is to improve the income based on the stable levele of water using and the main resolvent is the selectiong of the water-saving plant pattern and technologis. The plant mode should change the wheat-corn mode in a year to wheat-corn→cotton→wheat-cron mode in three years in some areas. The main issue in the irrigation area which is lack of water resource of Huanghuaihai area in northern china is to reduce the agricultural water consumption and the main resolvent is the plant structural adjustment. The plant mode should change the wheat-corn mode in a year to wheat-corn→cotton→wheat-cron mode in three years in most areas.The order of the development of water-saving technologies is: organic fertilizer with straw mulching class technology, water conservation irrigation technology, farming measures, agricultural technology system, etc.(4) The main issue in the drought area of Huanghuaihai area is how to improve the benefit of the water and and the main resolvent is the selection of the water-saving plant pattern and technologis. It can reduce the wheat planting area, and plant the tuberous plant instead. It will plant one and a half season crops in a year better in this area. The order of the development of water-saving technologies is: organic fertilizer with straw mulching class technology, cultivation of agricultural water conservation, agricultural technology system, etc.(5) The main issue in the irrigation area of northwest China is to improve the using efficiency of the water resource and optimize the arrangement of the water resource, and the main resolvent is the selection of the water-saving plant pattern and technologis. It can reduce the wheat planting area, and plant the tuberous plant and the cash crop instead. It will plant one season crops in a year better in this area. The order of the development of water-saving technologies is: the irrigation water conservation tillage technology, water-saving irrigation system, organic fertilizer with straw mulching technology, water conservation, covering measures, agricultural technology system, water irrigation technologies, etc.(6)The main issue in the drought area of northwest China is to protect the enrivonment and set up the continiuable agruculetural structure, and the main resolvent is the plant structural adjustment. It can reduce the rain fed crops planting area, and plant the tuberous plant instead. It will plant one season crops in a year better in this area. The order of the development of water-saving technologies is: farming measure, organic farming with straw mulching technology, agricultural water technology system, etc.All in all then, to change the existing farming system which is high water consumption to the water-saving farming system which is safe in the food and water resources to provide is an important approach to resolve the issue that the grain production and water resources situation does not match in the northern part of China. Each area should establish water-sabing farming system based on local situation.