Research On The Development Of Russian Small And Medium-sized Enterprises

For a recent period, much attention has been paid to the sustainability of the Russian economic growth by academic circle both at home and abroad, which has managed to analyze this subject from different perspectives. Conclusions are various, drew from different perspectives and with different analysis tools. Under this kind of circumstance, the development of Russian small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) has been paid increasing attention by academic circle, and it has close relation to the sustainability of the Russian economic growth including the structure's upgrading, the improvement on the economic competitive capacity and so on. The theoretical and practical significance of the analysis is to help people to understand the subject regarding the economic growth of Russia thoroughly and offer beneficial references to the development of Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises, by analyzing the problem on the growth of Russian SME.The problem is how to analyze this subject. Besides pure theoretical studies, the prevailing analysis paradigms extend themselves around the specific problems on Russian SME, which argue the problem on the problem itself, lacking of the capacity on explanation. So this study manages to analyze the problem from a new perspective. Its studying object focuses on the problem about the development on the Russian SME as a whole. The study summarizes and analyzes the common problems such as taxes, law, administrative barrier, which are faced by SME in their developing process and further analyzing the underlying reason. The studying mana??to answer the following questions. That is what the position of the Russian SME in the national economy, what their function as a micro-carrier of economic development, what influence on the sustainable growth of Russia caused by their development, and what major factors and mechanisms of economy and politics, which constrains the growth of the Russian SME during the different transitional historical periods such as Putin and Yeltsin times, in the evolutionary process of the major economic and politic conflicts on Russia, and what different extent of developing level of SME among the Russian federal bodies, and also what the major influential factors are; what are the lessons drew from the development of Russian SME under the condition of the transition and what references to the Chinese SME development and so on. The answers to above questions thoroughly reflect the perspectives and the innovations of this study.According to the above way of analysis, the main content of the paper as follow:Prolegomenon, this section generally introduces the study's purpose, meaning, literature reviews, problems for solving, as well as the innovative point, tools and methods of analysis and so on. Among them, literature reviews analyze the current situation of the study on the Russian SME by academic circle in details, and offer brief comments on the four main aspects of recent studies, which are the problems about the finance of Russian SME, the problems about institutional circumstance including taxation, administrative supervision influencing the development of Russian SME, the incentive problems about the protection of private property rights, as well as the efficiency of government support on SME. First, chapter one introduces the basic concept of Russian SME, the types of SME, and characteristics of developing stages, which is the logic premise of the analysis of the dissertation. And then it analyzes the total amount of and structural features of Russian SME, and their contributions to national economy from the perspectives of creating employment, total output value as well as cultivating the middle class. At last, with the references of the study of the domestic scholars, the dissertation constructs a dynamic model on the structure of Russian economic system, which briefly evaluates the effect on the long-term economy growth of Russia caused by the develop?? of SME.Chapter 2, on the perspective of new institutional economy, the dissertation analyzes the general institutional factors, the influences by the history developing path, the influences by informal institution like business tradition, ideology, religious belief as well as the influence by formal institution factors such taxation, administrative barrier and law.Chapter 3 and chapter 4 analyzes the important economic and political factors affecting the development of Russian SME during the two important periods of Russian transition (Yeltsin and Putin times) with time clue, using theoretical analysis tool of public choice theory, interest groups theory. When analyzing the times of Yeltsin, the dissertation firstly discusses the influence on SME by the crucial reforms started in Yeltsin times, such as privatization in small and large scale. Then this dissertation analyzes the function of the network of commercial relations of SME on the beginning of the transition, which are the incomplete replacement of formal institution under the conditions that the national institution was weakening and the supply of institution was not enough, as well as the influence on the development of SME by the contract relation between the sections of them. When analyzing the development of SME in Russia at Putin times, the dissertation analyzes successively the reconstruction of the relationship between government and enterprises, the changes in the structure of property rights as well as the influence on SME by the industrial policy adjustment after Putin came to power. And then, it analyzes the influence on SME by the evolution of institutional demand and supply with the example of the development on financing system and association system.Chapter 5 analyzes the regional imbalance of the development on Russian SME with the space as a clue. According to data of the series of reports by National Institute for System Studies of Enterpreneurship, six indexes are made for measuring the development level of SME, that is X1: the number of registered enterprises by every 100,000 residents; X2:the proportion of the employment group to the whole employment group; X3:per capita investment amount of residents in fixed assets; X4:per capita investment amount of workers in fixed assets; X5:per capita GDP; X6:per capita GDP of workers. The dissertation carries out the empirical analysis about the unbalanced development of small and medium-sized enterprises amo??he subjects of the Russian Federation, by using factor analysis of multivariate statistical analysis.Chapter 6 summarizes the experiences and lessons from the development of Russian SME. Compared with enterprises in large scale, SME need more support from the government for a healthy development. In the process of economic and political transition of Russia, the joint evolution of formal and informal institution restricted the development of SME. The dynamic feature of evolution offers different institutional circumstance and institutional arrangement, and different incentive structures and constraints for different SME on different historical periods. The effective collective action of SME is the necessary means for safeguarding their own interests and expressing group voice. Only in this way can they, to some extent, counter the extrusion of the large financial industrial groups and monopoly power. In the part of enlightenment, the dissertation emphasizes the analysis on the inspiration for us drew from the development of the Russian non-bank micro-credit. Prospect in the last part points out, there are some innovations in the dissertation of the study on the development of the Russian SME, but there remains some shortages, which needs further improvement in future.