Container Port Competition Analysis And Countermeasures

With the increasing integration of the global economic and the rapid development of the supply chain, the port, which is a hub of marine transportation network and foreign exchange window, is playing an increasingly important role in the promotion of international trade and regional economic development. From the development of the world hub port, we can find there is a "Matthew Effect", namely, the ports that have already established hub ports, will attract more cargo due to their route coverage, frequency and more timely transport, which will bring about bigger liner density, more extensive coverage of routes to make hub port more and more stable. But now the port is facing the opportunities and challenges. Ship development towards large-scale, specialization, as well as the alliance of the shipping companies will improve the negotiating position of shipping companies in the shipping market Large-scale ship makes the port to compete fiercely the port for the trunk line port; door-to-door transportation will lead to seamless transport based on supply chain management and product distribution can bring new changes in transport modes. With the severe competition for the hinterland sourcing, collection and transmission facilities between the ports, the port will develop further to the deep water, and large-scale and specialized direction and investment diversification will exacerbate the competition. Under this situation, the port must face the issue to take the strategy.At present, the study of port competition is mainly about the management system, port ownership structure, government policy and so on, but the research of the port competition is less from the quantitative viewpoint .The previous researches could little think about the response of port users and port competitors. The article mainly contains four aspects as follows:(1)The factors affecting port competition and evaluation of port competitivenessBy empirical analysis about foreign and Chinese researches, we can find out the correlative factors affecting port competitiveness. The results show that different port users have different options. Furthermore, a PCA model is used to evaluate the East Asia port competitiveness.(2)Two ports non-cooperative Multi-dimensional Game AnalysisWe assume that in full information conditions the two ports compete at the same time in investment in infrastructure, the port price selection, service quality investment, two port static non-cooperative multi-dimensional game and dynamic non-cooperative multi-dimensional game are built, and we give the optimal policy vector in an equilibrium status and an example. Multi-dimensional dynamic non-cooperative game is solved by use of reverse inductive method. The result indicates that the profits of first-mover are more much than the profits of the lately-move, that is, in the dynamic game, the first action of the port can carry out its own optimal strategy of production by virtue of first-mover advantage, then the late-action port can only follow the former and make a decision in the surplus market share.(3)Port competition analysis based on Stackelberg gameIntroducing the supply chain and container port supply chain management processes, characteristics and the role, we use Stackelberg game to set up the model between port and the shipper, as well as the model between port and shipping companies. Between the model between container port and the shipper, first we analyse static game in the port supply chain when port must not give the shipper the subsidies, then, when port must give the shipper the subsidies, the Stackelberg game is analysed; Finally comparison of two models is given, the result shows that the profit of Stackelberg game is much bigger than the profit of Nash game, which will enable the port and the shipper more willing to adopt Stackelberg game. And a comparative analysis of the Stackelberg game where container ports and shipping companies separately act as a leader under the condition of the supply chain show that the whole supply chain has the same optimal profits, but regardless of the port or shipping company, they are willing to be a leader to obtain greater profits.(4) In the current, the competitions among ports outline one country boundary, such as competing for the mainline port in a continent. In the section, a multi-container port bi-level programming model is presented where the upper is non-cooperation competition Nash equilibrium model about ports, the lower is non-cooperation competition game model of shipper. And port selection mode of shippers is used generalized cost function. Furthermore, a multi-container port bi-level programming model under the uncertainty conditions is established, and stochastic bi-level programming model is transformed into deterministic bi-level programming model according to random programming theory. Finally a heuristic algorithm SAB based on sensitivity analysis is used to solve the bi-level programming in the Surrounding Bohai Zone.