A Study On Market Structure Of China's Agriculture

The study of agricultural market structure will be of great theoretical and practical significance for the improvement of agricultural performance, the development of agriculture, the increasing income of farmers, the new rural construction and the growth of economy. This dissertation takes the agricultural market structure in production link as a master line, in accordance with the research idea "Why to optimize, and how to optimize", the author makes the agricultural market structural present situation and its questions as a starting point for the analysis, to research the he impact of market structure on market behavior and market performance, and to analyze the objective and localization, measures and policies to optimize the agricultural market structure.China's agricultural market structure is non-competition completely. It has some features which are the low concentration degree, the small differentiation, the low barriers to entry, the high barriers to exit, the asymmetry, and the fluctuation of sunpply-demand and price.The agricultural market behavior is influenced by the market structure. We defind that the agriculture takes small-scale family farmers operating as the foundation, and in the industry, a large number of farmers are the recipients of the market price of agricultural products, the influence of agricultural market strcuture to famer' price decision behavior and non-perfect competition market structure reduces famer' price decision right. Although the farmer don't take price coordination because the low concentration degree, but the farmer can take price coordination because the small differentiation, and the farmer must take price coordination for the scale economy. The small differentiation reduces the price-incressing space, the non-elasticity of demand enlargens the fluctuation of product, the internation competition demands new technology and the excessive competition causes the inverse price production behaves.China's agricultural market performance is affected by the market structure. The excessive competition canuses low efficiency of resource allocation, which impacts the market efficiency seriously, the missing of market forces for farmer and the sick of agricultural technology mechanism constraint further the market performance. China's agricultural production and supply capacity maintain a steady increase in the trend. The proportion of land-intensive agricultural products continues to decline; On the contrary, the proportion of labor-intensive agricultural products keeps rising. Animal husbandry and fisheries as well as the rapid growth in the proportion of the gross value of agricultural output show that agricultural changes in the market demand for a structural adjustment. The per capita net income of rural residents and the low hovering of annual growth rate in a long-term, and the gradually expending income gap between rural residents and urban residents, not only embody the difficulties of farmers' increasing income, and the income growth for rural residents in the slow growth of income growth for urban residents, but also that of agricultural income lower than the rate of non-agricultural industries, reflecting the lower agricultural yield. Agriculture maintains the low level of profitability in a long period of time. On the one hand, it explains the reasons for the low income and additionally receiving difficulty of peasants; on the other hand, it also explains the low efficiency of the allocation of resources for agricultural production. The agricultural technological progress has become the main force to promote the agricultural growth. The gradual decline of primary industry in the GDP share, the low level hovering of the primary industry growth rate in a long time, and the low level of the contribution rate and the stimulation rate for the primary industry to the GDP reflect the decline trend of the contribution for China's agriculture to the national economic growth.The optimized goal of China's agricultural market structure is to build the market structure with an effective competition in China's agricultural industry, to promote an effective competition in the agricultural industry and to improve the efficiency of the allocation of resources within the industry. The ideal location of China's agricultural market structure is the monopolistic competition.We can take the measures of cultivating the vocational-farmer entrepreneurs and make the farmers become the main part in the transformation of market structure. We can construct groups in processing of agricultural products, and increase the degree of difference in agricultural products, and speed up the optimization of the agricultural market structure. We can speed up the development of non-agricultural industries, and liuquid the agricultural men. We can reduce the pressure of agricultural competition, and take measures of creating the model of circulation of agricultural products. According to the product attributes of agricultural technology, for the agricultural technology innovation which has the public product attribute, government-led cooperative agricultural technology innovation model should be chosen. Similarly for the agricultural technology innovation which has private product attributes, the market-induced cooperative agricultural technology innovation model should be chosen. However, for different regions, different kinds of agricultural technology innovation, the measure chosen should be under the local condition to promote the effect of agricultural technological progress in the agriculture market performance. To nurture symbiotic organizations is an effective way to increase the degree of organization of the agriculture industry, which will be helpful to improve the agricultural asymmetric market structure.The innovation of this dissertation is in: (1) It analyses the influence of agricultural market strcuture to famer' price decision behavior. It analyses the condition that non-perfect competition market structure reduces famer's price decision right. (2) It analyses the influence of agricultural market strcuture to famer' production behavior. It analyses the condition that the small differentiation causes low product, inelasticity of demand causes product's more and more fluctuation, intrenational competition demands new technology and excessive competition causes farmer' anti-price production behavior. (3) This dissertation, using a monomial means of evaluating, makes an evaluating of the market performance of agricultural industry from the supply capacitie, the advancement of agricultural technology and the contribution to the national economy. (4) It also analyses that for different regions and different kinds of markets of agricultural products, the innovative strategies of agricultural science and technology should depend on the local conditions.