Study On The Post-Compensation Mechanism For "Conversion Of Farmland To Forests And Grassland" In Western China

Conversion of Farmland to Forestry and Grassland(CFFG), the strategic measure in the west in the turn of the century, not only promotes the local economic development, but also produces profound influence upon the economical and social development of the whole country. Most of CFFG implementation areas are mountains, hills or deserts, with poor economic development, bad ecological environment, severe imbalance between human being & land, serious soil erosion or high-level desertification, so this project objectively constructs both ecological environment and economic reconstruction. However, this dual construction is difficult to carry out through the self-recycling of the western poor areas themselves. Only the external powerful forces can comprehensively establish the configuration to "draw back, repay, preserve and not bound". For this reason, central government specially released CFFG policy with the economical compensation as the core to guarantee it will work well. It is a systematic project relating to industry reconstruction, food security guarantee, the farmers' casting off poverty & prosperity and ecological environment controlling. Its influences are broad, and its operation is difficult. Its ecology goal requests that the policy guarantee long-term effective implementation. Otherwise it will not achieve the anticipated target and wastes massive manpower and resources. According to large amount of analyses, the continuous stability of CFFG is under the impact, especially under the pressure brought by the farming protection and the food security problem. In the first recumbent period of "258", the new and the old structure need to connect and keep balance. Ecology and economy are difficult to realize positive recycling in short terms. Therefore, it is necessary to construct a sustainable compensation mechanism.We should strengthen the anticipated research for the compensation period and discuss post-compensation issue based on the fixed policy, in order to integrally perfect CFFG, strengthen the long-term utility of the policy & final realization of the ecological goals. It is no doubt to say that it has great significance in establishing the development foundation of the west, creating a good ecological space for the economical development in the mid-east, as well as leading the national economy to develop healthily, continually and harmoniously.Compared with the active policy, post-compensation is a re-compensation form implemented after the active compensation, as a sequel and an adjustment of the policy in a large rextension.With differences in background, target, and environment, post-compensa- tion varies from the active compensation in the standard, number, measure, method and so on. For example, the active compensation pays more attention to the implementation and effect of projects, which belongs to mission pattern, while post-compensation places extra emphasis on promoting and realizing sustainable development in returning areas, which belongs to institution pattern (i.e. establishing compensation mechanism comprehensively). It is vital and valuable in effectively maintaining the country's macroscopic project in the west, in promoting the success for both the regional economy and individual peasant household, and in anti-poverty and sustainable development.This dissertation consists of four parts and ten chapters. The main ideas of each part are as follows:The first part consists of three chapters acting as the introduction. Its main idea and conclusion are:(1)Summarize the backgrounds and the significance of this thesis, commentate the development trends of all the relevant researches both in China and overseas, highlight the relationship between the ecological reconstruction and poverty ease, order and conclude the compensate problems about the CFFG put forward the research ideas, research methods, research suppositions and research contents, explain the data used in the research; (2) Use many important main theories, such as the theory of public goods and externality, the theory of the value of the natural resources, the theory of the Marxist social reproduction, the theory of efficiency and fairness, the theory of institutional change, to analyze the necessity of carrying out the CFFG's financial compensation in depth, thus provide the current CFFG compensation mechanism with theoretical bases and lay a solid theoretical foundation for constructing a CFFG post-compensation mechanism in an-all round way; (3)With the theory of ecologically and economically harmonious development, review the ecological and economic background about the CFFG as a whole, prove that the CFFG plays a positive role in improving the environment and the economic development in the west.The second part is made up of the fourth, fifth, and sixth chapter, as the main part of the essay. Its chief content and conclusions are : (1)Further prove that the conduction of CFFG compensatory regulation has played an important role in ecological improvement and economic growth in the western poor area, analyze the practical effects of the current CFFG compensation mechanism by manipulating various means such as descriptive statistics analysis, comprehensive index evaluation and SSM, by using the cross-section data we investigated and the time-series data we stemmed from the permanent observation location during 1992 to 2006 in rural areas, realize that this regulation has many defects preventing its function to the full, and restricts to strengthen the CFFG achievement and the attainment of the predictive goal;(2)Theoretically analyze the key to effectively solidify the outcome of CFFG lies in the adjustment of industrial structure into a more distinguishing standard, upon which we assure western area of the establishment of the evaluation-index system in new industrious structure ,apply the grey predictive model to predict that it is not until 2020 that we can see apparent effects on the adjustment of industrious structure and authentic establishment of new industrious structure on the condition of CFFG into practice in urgent need of productive materials and the inputs to the development of non-agriculture production;(3) Learn CFFG experience from America, Europe, Costa Rica, and Brazil to construct the theoretical structure in western area and divide it into two sections: CFFG composed of market-oriented compensation and public financial compensation, and the supporting system of compensation coming after the CFFGThe third part includes chapters 7, 8 and 9 as the ultimate result of this research. The main content and the conclusion are:(1)Base on government's public financial compensation to further highlight and improve the CFFG principle,the category of compensatory subject and object,the compensatory limitation and period,the compensation fund raising channels and other methods,use the CVM to predict that residents in the middle stream of the Yangtze River in Wuhan city of Hubei province are willing to pay from 103.10 to 175.76 Yuan / (a·households)for the ecological benefits ;(2) Based on the market compensation and the international experience of forest eco-efficiency market compensation, we believe that we can obtain compensation funds by carrying out carbon trade and forest service transactions, and building a bio-diesel raw materials forest bases to get market compensation funds in reference of the CFFG project in the western poverty-stricken areas; (3) Based on the overall function of the integrated policy superior to the function of the single policy, we analyze the CFFG post-compensation supporting system from the angle of ecological construction and anti-poverty in the western areas to provide economical, institutional, policy and legal protection for trouble-free running at an early date.PartⅣis Chapter 10 as the conclusion. Based on the previous analysis, this section summarizes the main idea of this study, and reveals the creativity and short-comings of the paper, and outlooks further researches in the future.Through the analysis on the above sections, the creativities can be summed up in this essay : (1) The research directly focuses on the development of the west after implementing CFFG and the consolidation of CFFG long-tern effect. It also has a systematic and comprehensive description about the post-compensation implementation. So the research version is creative, and lays a foundation for the pioneering results.(2) The research uses multi-disciplinary theory and various quantitative analysis method to discuss the details of the CFFG compensation policy in the west. Especially, It is not until 2020 that we can see apparent effects on the adjustment of industrious structure and authentic establishment of new industrious structure on the condition of CFFG into practice in urgent need of productive materials and the inputs to the development of non-agriculture production by using GM(1,1). At the same time, the research also uses CVM to predict that residents in the middle stream of the Yangtze River in Wuhan city of Hubei province are willing to pay from 103.10 to 175.76 Yuan / (a·households)for the ecological benefits.(3) The research comes to the conclusion that the industrial structure adjustment in the west can't reach the expected target and the new industrial structure has not been built in the first 258 compensation period.Based on theses, the research brings up a concept of CFFG post-compensation mechanism,and predict the time and resoursce for the industrial structure adjustment in the west region to carry out CFFG project,to make remarkable achievements under the existing developmental environment and circumstance. Additionally, the research attends to improve the mean of CFFG compensation by Public Finance, especially it discusses carbon trade,forest service transactions, and building a bio-diesel raw materials forest bases to get market compensation funds in reference of the CFFG project in the western areas.At the same time, it increases ponderance of the supporting system of CFFG post-compensation. As a result, it helps to deepen, expand and improve the ecologic compensation theory and the development theory for the poor areas as well.