| The NO.1 Document of 2007 emphasized that to develop modern agriculture is the chief mission in the construction of socialism new country. Seen from the definition of modern agriculture, modern agriculture construction is a piece of complicated system engineering. It needs to strengthen support with policy, science and technology, equipment, person with abilities, and so on. Establishment is foundation in the agriculture system and the chief support of modern agriculture. In other words, it is no more important than spatious agricultural infrastructure. However, the current situation of agricultural infrastcuture is deficient investment, irrational structure, inefficient management, and so on. The agricultural infrastructure system cannot keep up with the development of modern agriculture greatly. It has been the bottle-neck of agricultural economic development in China.The problems in the process of the economic and social development in rural area are greatly related to deficient investment, improper construction and inefficient management of agricultural infrastructure. Therefore, to have a synthetical research on the construction and management of agricultural infrastructure is an urgent and important question for discussion to impel the development of agricultural economy in China.Firstly, the paper expounded the concept, the content and the basic economic characteristics of agricultural infrastructure.Then, the paper gave a deep research on the functions and the current situation and problems of China's agricultural infrastructure development, and put forward that to exert the regulation and direction of financial devotion adequately and to push the multiplication of investment subjects faithfully are the keys to solve the problems in agricultural infrastructure construction.Thirdly, the paper gave a further discussion on how to optimize the investment modes of different subjects in agricultural infrastructure construction. (1) For the public parts, the absolute investment scale of central government and local government has been increasing, but the comparative scale is too low and is hard to increase in a long time. The structure of governmental investment is irrational. The whole effect of agricultural infrastructure system is not satisfying. The paper systematically analyzed the fiscal support modes in agricultural infrastructure and compared their driving effects of capital simply. By reason of the limitation of current support modes, the paper put forward that the government should strengthen the support modes of high capital driving effect such as financial guarantee, financial share, financial discount, tax expenditure. It can alleviate fiscal burden and can also attract the private capital farthest (2) For the private parts, the ability to invest in agricultural infrastructure is very strong. However, the current situation of private investment is disappointed. The reasons are deficient guidance and excessively simple modes of fiscal support (3) The interaction between the public part and the private part is very important To different investment subject, the government should choose the most feasible mode or mode combination. Also, the government should perfect the related laws, institutions and mechanisms. By the harmonious development mode, it can make the adequate investment in agricultural infrastructure and capital increment of all parts true at the same time.Lastly, the paper synthetically analyzed the problem of management and maintenance in China's agricultural infrastructure. For agricultural infrastructure, construction is the foundation, management is the linchpin. The paper classified the current institutions of management and maintenance of agricultural infrastructure. It is considered that the efficiency of management and maintenance increases in turn of centralized management, privately owned management participated management and self-determination management. Considering the characteristics of agricultural infrastructure and the background of socialism marketing economy, the superior choice is participated management and self-determination management Lastly, the paper gave a comparative analysis on current various modes of management and maintenance.
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