| China is a rural population accounting for the majority of countries. As called for by the scientific development concept, what faces China now is to balance the social and economic development between urban and rural areas, to build a well-off society and to speed up the building of a harmonious society. To achieve these, effective measures have been taken, such as modernizing the traditional agriculture, upgrading industrial structure and speeding up the urbanization and the building of a new socialist countryside. However, all these can not be realized without educated farmers. Unfortunately, most farmers now are poorly educated, which constitutes a bottleneck to fulfill the historical task which China now faces. In order to improve farmer literacy, it is urgent to strengthen education, medical care and sanitation and to accelerate the development of human resources in rural areas. Currently, farmer incomes are relatively low and ways to develop human resources, such as investment, donations and lottery industry, are not mature in rural areas. As a result, it is not right to depend totally on the market to develop human resources in rural areas. In view of this, it is extremely important theoretical and practical significance to let the government play a leading role in developing rural human resourcesAfter the founding of the PRC, especially since entering the new century, the Chinese Communist Party and the government have attached great importance to the development of human resources in rural areas. Education, medical care and sanitation have been pushed forward and farmer literacy has been improved noticeably. However, farmer literacy still failed to meet the demand by social and economic development. On one hand, the government is doing its best to promote vocational education and training ,but the farmers are reluctant to take part in and they are still lack of knowledge and skills for modern agriculture. On the other hand, it is difficult for migrant workers to get a job in cities while skilled workers are badly needed in enterprises. All this makes us to ask an important question, that is, how the government can effectively push forward the development of human resources in rural areas. Based on theory of government behaviors, human capital theory, dual economy theory and so on, this paper systematically analyzed the effect on human resources development in rural areas which government economic, legal and administrative behaviors have. How to coordinate three government behaviors has also been discussed. Learning from the experience of other countries, this paper put forward relevant policy recommendations on how the government can develop human resources effectively in rural areas. The main contents of this paper are as follows:1. ChapterThree is about the using the experience of other countries for reference. We can learn form other countries. The experiences of the USA, Germany, Japan, the Republic of Korea and India have been examined. Taking the reality in China into consideration, this paper holds that scientific and effective educational system for agricultural technology, namely, the combination of teaching, scientific research and popularization, should be established. Government management and functioning mechanism for human resources should also be established.2. Chapter Four analyzes government economic behaviors in human resource development in rural areas. Government economic behaviors include government finance input, mobilizing social funds and the use of credit, preferential taxation policy to support human resources development. Investment channels for the development of human resources in rural areas, investment benefit, features and effects of government investment are discussed in this chapter. The current situation of government investment in education and medical care and sanitation in rural areas are analyzed. Comparative study between urban investment and rural investment has been carried out. Changxing County in Zhejiang province has been taken as a typical case in terms of human resources development in rural areas. Problems are discussed and reasons for these problems are figured out. These problems include severe shortage of government investment in human resources development, irrational investment structure and investment mechanism. Based on the analysis, this paper holds that we should reform management system for government investment for human resources development, perfect investment structure, enhance government investment in vocational education and training and public medical care, use other economic means and to promote diversification in investment in human resources development in rural areas.3. Chapter Five analyzes government legal behaviors in human resource development in rural areas. Legal behaviors are behaviors that are consistent with certain wills or consciousness, of legal significance and could lead to corresponding legal results. Legislation is the basis for other legal behaviors. From the angle of legislation, governmental legal behaviors are discussed in this chapter. Educational and sanitation laws and regulations relevant to human resources development made by the central government and relevant ministries are analyzed. This paper holds that these laws and regulations often lag behind the real situation, that they are lack of authority and that legal system need to be perfect too. Ways to improve lawmaking process, relevant policies, and coordination and supervision mechanisms are also discussed.4.Chapter Six analyzes government administrative behaviors in human resource development in rural areas. Governmental administrative behaviors are behaviors that are intended to develop, manage and supervise rural education and medical care in order to improve farmer literacy. A series of measures taken by the central government since 2000 to develop rural primary education, vocational education, adult education and medical care and sanitation are analyzed. This paper holds that government administrative behaviors are far from perfection. Many problems still exist. Administrative management systems are incompatible with the real situation in countryside and should be improved. Public service and administrative supervision are not fully implemented. Therefore, we should have clear plans for human resources development, improve administrative management system, strengthen rural education, reform sanitation management system, improve government efficiency and strengthen the construction of public service system and supervision.5. Chapter Seven is about how to coordinate three major government behaviors in human resources development in rural areas. The concept of coordination of three major governmental behaviors is defined in this chapter. Analytical frame work was established in which governmental economic behaviors are the basis and governmental legal behaviors the core and government administrative behaviors guarantee. This paper holds that in current China the basis is rather weak, that the core is not highlighted and the guarantee is also not strong. Therefore, it is necessary to coordinate the three major government behaviors so as to accelerate the development of human resources in rural areas. Conceptions are put forward that the laws should be highlighted, economic basis should be strengthened, and administrative guarantee should be enhanced.The major conclusions of this paper are as follows: since rural education and medical care related to human resources development can be seen as public goods or semi-public goods, the government, as a supplier of public goods, should play a leading role in developing human resources in rural areas at present. Among others, lack of government investment and other means of investment and irrational investment structures are main factors which hamper the development of human resources. The process of human resources development was delayed due to imperfect relevant laws and regulations. In addition, administrative supervision was not fully implemented and the management mechanism is imperfect. As a result, human resources development can't go smoothly. The lack of coordination among three governmental behaviors delayed the process of development of human resources in rural areas. Finally policy suggestions are put forward that government economic,legal,administrative behaviors' coordination should be strengthened in rural human resources development process.
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