| With the rapid development of worldwide urban tourism, the researches on the evolution and optimization of spatial structure in urban tourism destination have attracted growing attention both in academic and industrial fields. The topic is not only an indispensable part of urban tourism destination system research, which will produce great both theoretical and practical effects on the development of urban tourism, but a practical and brand new subject for study based on the strategic choosing of urban tourism development.The study shows that under the economic globalization and regional integration, the spatial structure of urban tourism destination is tending to a networking development, which represents the best way to construct and optimize the spatial structure in urban tourism destination, in order to carry out the sustainable development harmoniously in urban tourism destination, and makes a good conbination of three urban spaces, including social economical space, landscape ecological space and historical and cultural space.The paper consists of eight chapters:As the introduction, based on the study background, chapter one shows the study significance of this paper, defines the basic concepts, including urban tourism, tourism spatial structures, spatial structure of urban tourism destination, and so on. And it makes a commentary on the researches both in domestic and abroad as well as summarizes the relative research productions. In the end, keeping to the principle of "Theory from practice, in turn, guide practice", the paper combines the practical experience and the actuality of domestic urban tourism destination development to definitude the main contains, framework and study methods.Chapter two expounds the theoretical bases. Due to the complexity of the research, the paper collects the basic theories informations in relative researches of tourism spatial structure, and it pays more attention to such theories as system-science theory (including systems theory and Synergetic), regional science theory (covering regional development theory such as growth pole theory, point axis theory, core-periphery theory) as well as network development theory, location theory (central place theory i.e.), regional integration theory and sustainable development theory. These theories can give guidance to the study of the evolution and optimization of spatial structures in urban tourism destination, which can be used for references. Chapter three concerns the parsing of spatial structure in urban tourism destination. The paper makes a recognition of composing elements of urban tourism destination spatial structure, which can be elucidated as tourism node, tourism axis and tourism region, which can be represented as different tourism spatial configurations, namely tourist scenic spots, RBD, tourist route, recreational belt around metropolis, activity place of events, together with urban tourism region. And following the study of these key composing elements of urban tourism spatial structure, the paper sets forth the basic characters of urban tourism spatial structure system, that is, the integrity, the regional combined, the level and the openness backing with each other, the systematic and the coordination linking up as well as the evolutional and adaptive control together with self-organizing, etc.Chapter four studies the evolution of spatial structures in urban tourism destination. In view of the influencing factors and development basic driving forces, and so on, the paper expounds and deducts the evolutive mechanism and mode, and points out that network integration should be the ideal model of special structure in urban tourism. The study shows that tourism destination has always been changing continuously, transiting from under-development to development, from immature to mature. The conflict and competition between the two forces of polarization effect and diffusion effect results in the formulation of the urban tourism spatial structures. This evolution processes nuclear model, point axis model, followed by networking model. That is, passing through a process from node to axis, and then to networks, the spatial structures in urban tourism destination develop towards spatial integration.Chapter five puts forward the reconstruction and functional upgrade of spatial structures in urban tourism destination. As an external sudden power imposed on urban cities, events especially mega-events like Olympics, EXPO etc. have become a significant engine as well as a driving force promoting the reconstruction of spatial structures in urban tourism destination. At the same time, these events provide a new opportunity for accelerating the construction of urban environmental landscape. From fissile effect to regional spread, events' influences on urban tourism can be vividly interpreted as converter, indicator and regulator. There are two tendencies of events' locations, that is, cohesive and outspread. And target tourists attracted by events come from abroad as well as domestic areas. As the general mobilization of urban tourism, events impose a networking effect on the special structures of tourism destination. In the end, BeiJing2008 Olympics and Shanghai 2010 EXPO are cited as examples to study the interactive development between events and urban tourism. Chapter six focuses on the cross-boundary expansion of spatial structure in urban tourist destination. With the development of multi-regional economy, urban agglomeration as a high-level spatial pattern is essentially seen as a special interaction network. This chapter begins with a discussion of the cross-boundary expansion of spatial structure in urban tourist destination and relationships among urban tourism destinations from a regional spatial point of view. It concludes that there exist two kinds of relationships, that is, spatial competition and spatial cooperation. The former strengthen the development of spatial relationship characterized by superiority, featured and rational, the latter give this special structure senses of "help each other", equilibrium, as well as harmony. A co-operational competition among urban tourism destinations should be proposed to realize "bilateral benefits" even "multilateral benefits". Furthermore chapter six explores the construction and choosing model of building urban tourism circle. In the end, three inexorable development trends of tourism spatial interaction between city and surrounding regions are interpreted as the functional transformation of central cities from polarization to proliferation, the inevitable urbanization of regional tourism as a result of regional tourism integration, and the certainty of urban tourism regionalization as a result of regional tourism competition among cities. Regional tourism integration manifests an interactive development within a multi-cores network.To test and verify our theoretical discussion, Chapter seven applies these theories into empirical study on spatial structural optimization of Shanghai urban tourism destination.At first, the status of shanghai urban tourism as well as the problems faced by tourism operators is analyzed to address the development stage of Shanghai urban tourism. It can be concluded that the spatial structures of shanghai present a multi-cores network, and shanghai urban transportation develops towards the optimization of network structure. Although it is far from perfect, Shanghai has had an initial urban tourism product system. Furthermore, the spatial discrete index of "four-A Level" tourist attractions within shanghai downtown region has been calculated as R= 1.26, which belongs to an even distribution type indicating a relative loose relationship among these attractions which requires interactions.Then, based on the Outlines of the Eleventh Five-Year Tourism Plan made by nineteen regions within shanghai and the urban spatial structures of shanghai proposed by previous scholars, this chapter proves that the networking orientation(a combination of multi-polarity, multi-axes and multi-zone) is the optimum method to the spatial structural optimization of shanghai urban tourism. In shanghai, networking tourist attractions should concentrate on the construction of RBD and recreational belt around metropolis, networking tourism industry cluster depends on the enlargement of connections to other tourism relative productive businesses. Also, networking tourism services system should focus on the integral development of tourism Industry and modern service.Finally, based on the integration of regional tourism within the Yangtze River Delta, chapter seven studies the tourism interaction between shanghai and surrounding regions. After evaluate the index of tourism economic linkage, this paper concludes that with the acceleration of regional tourism integration in the Yangtze River Delta, the ideal model applied to this process will be a combination of multi-polarity model and network model, which is a developing route proceeds successively through four models: dual-core interactions, triangular interaction, belt-zone interaction and networking system of regional tourism with balance levels and reasonable spatial structure. Core cities within Yangtze River Delta especially Shanghai, Nan Jing and Hang Zhou will have much more dynamic interactions with each other.Chapter eight is the conclusion. It sums up the main conclusions achieved in this paper and it points out some related issues which worth further research.
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