Study On Characteristic Agricultural International Competitiveness In Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Among WTO

After joining WTO, how to promote agricultural development in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have been important issue in theory and practice. Based on international trade theory and Michael Portor's industry international competitive theory, combined practice situation of characteristic agricultural development, this thesis made systematic research to characteristic agricultural international competitiveness in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Firstly, based on international trade theory and Michael Portor's industry international competitive theory, combined practice situation of characteristic agricultural development, through discussion and defining of agricultural international competitiveness and characteristic agriculture, I set up an economic analysis framework of characteristic agricultural international competitiveness in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and an evaluation index system of characteristic agricultural international competitiveness suiting for practice situation from domestic comparative advantage,revealed,explained and substance index.Secondly, through analysis domestic comparative advantage of characteristic agricultural products in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the result showed: in the characteristic plant products industry, highland barley, rape-seed and bean have advantageous resources conditions, then their comparative advantage are outstanding; in the characteristic animal husbandry, yak, local sheep and improved sheep have stronger cost comparative advantage; inside Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, highland barley's key area is in Tibet, rape-seed in Qinghai and Tibet, bean in Qinghai, yak and Chinese-Tibetan Medicine in Qinghai and Tibet; local and improved sheep key to development in Qinghai; goats are not advantage obviously, but as local product with regional characteristic in Tibet, we should actively foster and develop them.The revealed index analysis shows that characteristic agricultural international competitiveness is not overall stronger and trend down. The explained index analysis shows that there were advantages in two indexes that one was per capita forest, grasslands and water resource, another was rate of farmland effective irrigation. They show there are relatively rich natural resources and certain comparative advantages of resources in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In the index system, there were nine disadvantage: agricultural labors per capita arable land, ration of characteristic agricultural product yield of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to China and world, literacy quality of agricultural labors, degree of agricultural intensive management , highway quantity, investment in agricultural science and technology, the contribution rate of science and technology in agriculture,agricultural cooperative organizations and agricultural systems etc. They show that characteristic agricultural international competitiveness is not overall strong in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. They were subject to many aspects and deep seated causes, such as agricultural labor, agricultural infrastructure, agricultural science and technology, agricultural cooperation organizations and agricultural systems etc. Viewing the characteristic agricultural products processing industry and Tibetan carpet industry's international competitiveness, the development of the Tibetan carpet industry has good factor endowments. It has a certain competition in the international areas. However, because of shortage of modern production factors, especially human capital stock and application of advanced technology, they block the Tibetan carpet industry international competition to be great, then it made Tibetan carpet industry's great driving force to characteristic agricultural development has not been revealed in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Analysis results of domestic comparative advantage, revealed index, explained index and Tibetan carpet industry showed that characteristic agricultural international competitiveness was weak overall in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Some characteristic products had certain comparative advantage in domestic, but did not display a strong competitiveness in international competition,the reasons of weak competitiveness had many aspcets.Thirdly, There are two factors that affect characteristic agricultural international competitiveness in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,or direct factor and indirect factor,the former are price and quality, and the latter are agricultural production elements, characteristic agricultural products demand, characteristic agriculture industry clusters, agricultural business principal part, opportunity, government behavior,institutions and technical barrier. In among of them, the function of opportunity and government behavior to agricultural international competitiveness was achieved through ahead four key factors."Institutional factor"have a very important role, it had not been only affecting government behavior, but also affecting four key factors of agricultural international competitiveness.Agricultural institutional arrangements had certain limitations in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which did not fully promote sustainable development of agricultural production elements, characteristic agricultural products demand, characteristic agriculture industry clusters, agricultural business principal part, slowed rapid transformation of characteristics agricultural comparative advantage to competitive advantage in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.In other words, Institution performance directly decided whether characteristic agricultural international competition could be improved continuous and made continuation profitability of agriculture.Fourthly, agricultural domestic support is domestic important indirect factor of affecting agricultural international competitiveness.No matter what relationship of agricultural investment and economic growth, or present situation of agricultural domestic support,implementation of agricultural policies have limitations in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau . Green box policies supporting structure were not reasonable, which resulted low allocation efficiency of limited resources, failed to play an active role of promoting characteristic agricultural development,thereby enhancing characteristic agricultural international competitiveness in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau;limited to economic strength and development level, amber policies were far from requirements of fully using,which resulted characteristic agriculture could not be effectively protected in the initial development stage,characteristic agricultural development lacked a good economic environment in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Fifthly, technical barrier is a major international indirect factor impacting on agricultural international competitiveness. Characteristic agricultural products markets mainly focused on Asia (Japan, HongKong and Singapore) and Europe (Germany, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Italy). Relatively export markets, the gap between existing economic and technological levels is too big. In short run, it is unable to adapt to development changes of technical barriers, so characteristic agricultural products export were given restrictions of quantity and quality in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau; in long run, this situation will gradually be improved, then export of characteristic agricultural products will increase. If we do not break the technical barriers of developed countries or regions, development of characteristic agriculture in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has no hope .Sixthly, by comprehending empirical analysis of characteristic agricultural international competitiveness and affective factors, we defined thinking and key choice of characteristic agricultural development in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The general thinking of developing characteristic agriculture use it's specific geography and climate of cold, market-oriented, science and technology as a driving force, benefit as center, full playing unique ecological and resource advantages, vigorously develop the"cold"characteristic agriculture and animal husbandry products, furthermore promoting flowing and reorganization of production factors, achieving rational allocation of resources and optimization and promoting of industrial structure, full-scale improving agricultural international competitiveness, so as to achieve agricultural sustainable development. According to the regional production, resources advantage, special quality and market demand, we believe that the keys of characteristic agricultural development are characteristic plant products industry and characteristic animal husbandry industry. Characteristic plant products industry include rape, broad bean, highland barley and Chinese-Tibetan medicine; characteristic animal husbandry include yak, Tibetan sheep and cashmere goats.Finally, combining actual development of characteristic agriculture in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, we think that in order to promote characteristic agricultural international competitiveness, we must perform four aspect work in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: handling two relationship, handling well relationship between conventional agriculture and characteristic agriculture, relationship between domestic and foreign markets; catching one mainline, based on comparative advantage, achieving transformation and promotion of agricultural industrial structure, changing of agricultural comparative advantage to competitive advantage; promoting two major changes, idea changes and government function changes; perfecting three system, improving system of supporting and protection of agriculture, agricultural standardization system and social service system for agriculture.