Research Evaluation And Development Of Knowledge-intensive Industries

Following the Agricultural economy and industrial economy, the age of knowledge-based economy has come into the history. Since the concept of knowledge-based economy was put forward by OECD in 1996, it stirred up the interest of study on it. Since 2002, Robert Huggins Associates has published world knowledge competitiveness index ,benchmarking the globe's high performing regions. In their opinion, the knowledge-intensive industry includes four groups of manufacturing industry, such as IT and Computer Manufacturing, Biotechnology and Chemicals, Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, and one group of service industry ,that is High-tech Services. From the angle of the factor of production, the scope of industry could be divided into labor-intensive, capital-intensive and knowledge-intensive industry. In the age of knowledge-based economy, in the view of industrial economics, the knowledge-intensive industry was a core concept with no doubt. But the study of knowledge-intensive industry was underdeveloped and still on the level of subjective judgment and qualitative analysis. What kinds of industries could belong to the knowledge-intensive industry in a national or regional economy? What is the theoretical base? It seems to be a simple but a critical question, the existing research have not provide with satisfactory answers.Broadly, the knowledge-intensive industry could be composed of knowledge-intensive manufacturing industry and knowledge-intensive service industry. On the basis of the existing research, the paper tried to induce three types of forms that the "knowledge" could cling to. There were human knowledge resources, production equipment and organizational management institutions. This paper argued that knowledge-intensive industry had such characteristics as knowledge-dominated, high value-added, temporal, regional and relative. The inner mechanism of knowledge-intensive industry could be explained as the following logic: the human being was the carrier of knowledge and the possibility of knowledge shape could be maintained. With the shaping ability, every piece of knowledge in the actor could keep complementary to other knowledge spatially and temporally, then the ability of thinking and innovation could come into being during the production process, the value of the products would be improved as a result.In order to answer the question that what kinds of industries could belong to the knowledge-intensive industry and what is the theoretical base, from the aspect of industry input and industry output, this paper selected 9 indexes. There were the average educated years of the industry employees; the ratio of the employees with technical titles to the whole industry employees; the ratio of the employees with technical degrees to the whole industry employees; the outlays of R&D to the whole value added annually; the ratio of employees for R&D to the whole employees; annual per capita value added of the industry; annual inventions and patents of the industry; annual value added; the value of new products to whole industry value. With the help of analytic hierarchy process and principal component analysis, this paper made an empirical study on 20 manufacturing industries with double-digit code in Shanghai, and got the result that the medical and medicine manufacturing; communications equipment, computer and other electronic equipment; transport equipment manufacturing; smelting and rolling offerrous metals; petroleum processing and coking; instruments, meters, educatioanl and office machine equipment; chemical raw materials and chemicals; special equipment manufacturing; general equipment manufacturing; electrical machinary and apparatuses were knowledge-intensive industries.With the quantitative model of principal component analysis, according to the ten industries, we made an evaluation of three-digital code industry in depth. With regard to the result, we brought forward that 20 three-digit industries would be focused as the key industries. They were biological and biochemical products (276), chemical medicine dose(272),chemical medicine materials (271), manufacturing of telecommunication equipment(401), electronic apparatus manufacturing(405), manufacture of aircraft and spacecraft(376),automobile manufacturing(372), steel pressing(323),refined petroleum products(251),special instruments, metersmanufacturing(412), general instruments, meters manufacturing manufacturing(411), synthetic material manufacturing(265), basic chemical raw material manufacturing (261), metallurgy, mining, construction industrial equipment manufacturing(361), printing, pharmaceutical and daily chemical special equipment manufacturing(364), environmental protection, social security and other professional equipment manufacturing (369), boiler and impulse machine manufacturing(351), crane transportation equipment Manufacturing(353), Other electric machine and equipment manufacturing(399), relay and industrial control manufacturing(392). Basing on the focused three-digit industries, six key industries have been put forward to develop quickly in the dissertation, such as biological and biochemical products (276), manufacturing of telecommunication equipment(401), manufacture of aircraft and spacecraft(376), steel pressing(323), special instruments, meters manufacturing(412), synthetic material manufacturing(265).At last, after the analysis of the problems as the low level of staff's ability, lacking of R&D input which existed in the Shanghai's knowledge-intensive industries, this paper drew the conclusion that three kinds of relationships should be dealt with well, that is to say, institutional innovation is principle, technological innovation is critical, education and training are basic insurances for the development of knowledge-intensive industries.