Study On Rural Human Resources Development In China

Rural human resources development in China is a complicated social systematic project. The research of the development of rural human resources should both be done in the countryside and out of the countryside on the basis of the developmental necessity of integration of town and country, the developmental progress of the industrialization, and the demand for the rural human resources in the open market.there are three reasons for the present research. The first one is to explore some measures and systematic construction for the development; the second one is to study the shift of rural labor force and realization of the optimized allocation of human resources; The fundamental aim of the thesis is to quicken the development of the agricultural economy and make maximum profits from rural human resources by enhancing the comprehensive quality and promoting full employment and optimized allocation of the human resources.In the process of development of the rural human resources, we must first persist in the fundamental aim, that is, all for the benefit of the farmers, all for the development of the farmers. the transformation from the heavy burden of population to the superiority of the human resources can be realized by education, training, and the optimized allocation of the rural human resources.The present thesis mainly consists of the following five parts:(1) Education is an important way to develop human resources.The most effective and the most immediate method of the development of rural human resources is to strengthen rural education. In order to develop the human resources, the rural education must enter the market and the present educational system must be reformed, so that the rural education fits in with the needs of the market economy and the profession of education, especially the profession of rural education, becomes a hot field of the public investment and a new point of economic growth. In order to develop the human resources, there must also be a breakthrough in the"Three-level Overall Education System". Based on the rural elementary education, vocational and technical education, and adult education, a great rural education system should be set up, and the intension of the rural education should be expanded. There should be a"Five-level Overall Education System"in the countryside to build and perfect rural education system, with high school education and higher education oriented towards rural areas, higher rural education in particular, as extension.(2) Health care investment is important to the quality of population.Like education investment, hygienic investment is also a productive investment with far-reaching significance. Health care of the farmers can greatly improve human resources, promote economic growth, and lessen poverty. At the present, to make clear the function and the orientation of the government in the domain of the rural hygiene health care, to quicken the pace of the development of the rural medical health work, and to increase the health level of the broad masses of the farmers has already been one of the key tasks to vitalize rural economy, better socialist market economic system and to build a socialist harmonious society. Therefore, we should establish a health target system for the farmers in a well-to-do society as soon as possible, structure a stable public health financing system to make sure the basic rural public health service, set up rural cooperative medical care and a new type of cooperative medical care system, perfect the laws and regulations of rural medical service and tighten the guiding role of the macro-health policy, strengthen the cooperation among governments at all levels and define respective scope of official duty; and delegate power, give an active and full scope to the rural non-government organizations, and to innovate the rural medical care system.(3) Joint of small peasant economy and large market needs innovative exploration on the organizational pattern.Through thorough investigation of the problems relevant to peasant organizations, the theory about Chinese peasant organization will enrich. A proper peasant organization pattern which suits the development of market economic development and which conforms to the situation in our country will be found. Hence, the degree of the peasant organization will be increased to accelerate overall development of Chinese rural human resources and rural economic society,(4) Lack of national treatment of the farmers in the dual structure affects the development of rural human resources.Rural education, peasant health, and the peasant income, all without exception, are closely related with and affected by the lack of national treatment of the farmers. As the largest group in China, farmers are the most important integrant of our country. Therefore, return the national treatment to farmers and reinforce the security of the rights and interests of the farmers is what the research of the rural human resources must pay attention to.(5) The development of rural human resources is favorable to the promotion of the movement of the surplus labor force in the countryside.The urbanization of the population in the countryside is the route any country must take in the process of an agricultural society transforming to an industrial one. Any country, be it one which moves from an agricultural society to a modern industrial society, or one which changes from a rural society to an urban society, will undergo a structural population floating. The appearance of"the Influx of Rural Laborers"is a normal phenomenon, which conforms to the law of development of history in the period of transformation in China. The special Chinese situation makes the phenomenon special in two aspects. One is its quick speed and the broad scale, which is rare in the world; and the other is the separation between the movement from agriculture to non-agriculture and the movement of the farmers to the city. That is, the movement of the farmers and the change of the nature of their profession do not bring about any change of their social status. The impossibility of the change of the status leaves the farmers in the intermediate state, between countryside and city, between peasant and worker. Once a year, they would return to their hometown like migrant birds, thus form the influx. Through the analysis of the reason for the formation of the rural laborers, the present thesis holds that the solution to the problem of rural laborers is to realize the status transformation from peasant to worker.