Study On Bidding Theory And Method With Bills Of Quantities

This article systematically studies the system, operation mechanism and operation model under the Bill-of-quantity model and the intrinsic relationship among them, adopts method combining theoretical analysis with mathematical modeling, fulfills comprehensive research aiming at problems of bill-of-quantity model in bidding and tendering in domestic construction projects, proposes to introduce the forecasted value of successful bidding price b₀, which is reasonable low price of planned construction projects forecasted by scientific method, into the whole process of bidding and tendering and disclose it, analyzes the consequent change, constructs the operation model for all activities in bidding and tendering by scientific method and technology, completes the bidding and tendering system in new model, and, consequently, builds up a set of new model, which is really suitable for current situation in our country and bill-of-quantity model, for the operation of bidding and tendering in construction project. This not only is profitable for solving problems in domestic current bidding and tendering, but also will create favorable conditions for totally increasing quality of biding and tendering under bill-of-quantity model in our country and providing strong theoretical instruction. The main contents are as follow:At first, according to the introduction of the forecasted value of successful bidding price b₀, which is reasonable low price of planned construction projects forecasted by scientific method, into the whole process of project construction such as tendering pricing by the bidder, bidding, bid evaluation and contract management, the article completely and systematically studies all activities in bidding and tendering under the bill-of-quantity model and their correlations, brings forward to a new bidding and tendering model suitable for bill-of-quantity model, establishes a overall frame of bidding and tendering operation under this new model, specifies activities of all participating parties of project, and provides scientific basis and theoretical instruction for smooth implementation and better connection with international society of bill-of-quantity.Next, it applies game theory to establish a game model of bidding and tendering by introducing forecasted value of successful bid price, which is reasonable low price, into bill-of-quantity, and demonstrates its rationality and feasibility. According to the analysis, in such situation, this model matches the general characteristics of bidding and tendering, in which the bidder with the lowest anticipative production cost will win the bid, and the successful bid price will decrease with the increase of the number of bidders; especially, the introduction of forecasted value of the successful bid price in reasonable low price provides foundation for enterprise to determine whether to enter the bid, this will not only change the situation in past that bidders blindly entered a bid or set the bid price and help bidding enterprise have a definite object in view, but also be favorable to save a lot of industry resources for the whole industry; besides, the new forecasted value of successful bid price in reasonable low price of the new construction projects will provide more objective basis. On the one hand, the reference of forecasted value of successful bid price in reasonable low price by enterprises when determine the bid price will increase the objectivity of bid price; on the other hand, the forecasted value of successful bid price in reasonable low price, as a contrastive and reference value, will provide reference for evaluating the rationality of bid price, therefore, the scientificity of bid evaluation is further enhanced.Thirdly, it establishes contractor selection index system, evaluation method, bid evaluation method, evaluation index system and evaluation method for rationality inquiry for low price, which are suitable for new model of the bill-of-quantity bidding and tendering, utilizes the method combined with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive judgment to build up a applied evaluation model, and provide a scientific method for scientifically and rationally selecting the contractor by the employer and avoiding illegal activities such as malicious competitive bidding in the industry.Fourthly, it studies the organization manner of bidding and tendering under the bill-of-quantity model, brings forward the form of public bidding invitation, studies the system to confirm the best number of bidders and carries out analysis by modeling. This method, combined with advantages of public bidding and invitation bidding, can find out satisfied contractor by simple and easy way and also save lots of industry resources, so it is a kind of effective and scientific method for rational selection of bidders.Fifthly, according to the research of connotation and definition of low price under the bill-of-quantity model, reasonable low price is not a matter just involving price, it shall be guaranteed by corresponding technical measures and supported by a system; if necessary, it may be the reflection of comprehensive price which can reflect the reason for being "reasonable" and "low", and provide the solution for how to define and confirm the reasonable low price by introduction of the forecasted value of successful bid price in reasonable low price and modeling analysis;Sixthly, based on the definition of forecasted value of reasonable low price, it fulfills complete analysis to constitutive essential factors, studies the project payment type, proportion for performance bond of the project, design of project assurance system and compensation mechanism for breach of contract, and provides opinions and suggestions for implementation and basis for completing project contract management.