| The electric power industry reorganization and deregulation is underway all over the world. Based on the succeessful experice of reform in the telecommunication,aviation and railroad, the people expected that competition is effective in the electric power industry , which will improve the electric power industry production efficiency, increase social welfare. because the electricity commodity is difficult to store and electricity production process is particular, it is extremely difficult to design successful electric power market. By means of the microeconomics theory, This article mainly discusses various electricity price forming mechanism and related optimization models in the electric power generation, transmission(distribution) and selling process under the market environment . Main researches and innovations of this thesis are shown as fallows:First, in view of electricity commodity particularity, this article analysis electric power industry supply and demand characteristis,the generation side oligopology market characteristics and transmission characteristics. This paper also discussess the key funtion of electricity price in the realization of society welfare . Meantime, this paper points out that in the cicuments of demand scarcity , the barrier to maxmize social welfare lies in the generation side unit commmitment inefficeny ; in the event of supply scarcity, the barrier to maxmize social welfare lies in the electricity distribution inefficeny.Second, this thesis simply introduces the market structure and transaction modes of the main country .from the view of social welfare,this thesis analyses the advantages and disadvantages of two kinds of pool purchasing price settlements(uniform market clear price and pay as bid) under the market environment . Besides, which establishes the mathematic modes of coal-fired cost funtions, this theses has carried on the sensitive analysis along with coal price changes.Third, this thesis has analyzed each kind of methods and modes of electric transmission pricing theory. As a result of the electric transmission service nature monopoly, the main method of transmission pricing is based on the cost. In the process of dealing with transmission congestion, transmission rights auction is a main method to realize distribution efficiency. The thesis also analyses difficulty in the transmission pricing under the market enviroment; by means of a simpleexample,it demonstrates the influence of two kind of price system (nodal price and zonal price) on transmission value judgement,in addition,game theory has been used to show transmission pricing.Fourth, this thesis has analyzed the applications of price discrimination on the electricity selling pricing. Considering demand elasticity and crosselasticity in different time interval, optimization models are established to confirm time-of-use pricing. TOU pricing involves two different problem: time interval determination and electricity price determination, In fact, it is a two-level optimization problem . Simulation results show that if consumers have greater response on the TOU electricity price, it is more likely to get a reciprocal outcome.Finally, market power in the electricity market is analysed. According to industry structure, supply and demand,industry performance, This thesis classifies various electricity power market indices. it is alse discussed which power market is suitable to set up in our country ,some suggestions on electricity price reform are also put forward.
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