| After the world's moderately developed countries have fulfilled the modernization of agriculture, how could China accelerate hers since she is a developing country whose agriculture is of vital importance in her national economy? This is a critical topic in the face of the countryside reformation and development for the moment and for the years to come. It was pointed out in the Third Plenary Session of the Thirteenth Central Committee of Chinese Communist Party that "The problems of agriculture, the countryside and peasants are the key ones which can decide the overall situation of the reform and opening, and the construction of modernization. The nation's stability can not be achieved without that of the countryside's; without the peasant's being well-off, there will not be the being well-off for the whole country; and without the modernization of agriculture, the modernization of the national economy can by no means be achieved", by which we can see great importance has been attached to the modernization of agriculture in China.The Heilongjiang Reclamation Area (HRA) is not only the biggest agricultural enterprise in China but also the country's main commodity-grain base. The modernization of agriculture in HRA is both the objective demand of agricultural development of China and the inevitable tendency of the agricultural development of the Reclamation Area, which is of vital significance in reality and of profoundly historical point.This paper takes problems involved in the modernization of agriculture in HRA as research subjects and continues the discussion and research firmly under the guidance of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, adherence to the integration- of- theory-with-practice principle, and by the use of theories from agricultural economics, developmental economics, labor economics, regional economics and sustainable development, etc. The study concentrates on the major problems that appeared in the fulfillment of the modernization of agriculture in HRA. Further, specific measures that should be taken are clearly illustrated. The main idea of the paper can be summarized as follows:â… . The theory of the modernization of agriculture originates from the practice and has taken the general theory of modernization as a reference, and will further push the practice. Comparatively speaking, theories of modernization of agriculture are developed more in terms of development and falls into the main content of developmental economics, while that of China largely puts more emphasis on practice and falls in the scope of application economics.â…¡. Agriculture is a industry which is severely restricted by sources, among which land thelabor supply are the two most important factors. The relationship between the two factors is usually called the man-land ratio, hi the course of the modernization of agriculture in different countries and regions all over the world, different man-land ratios have resulted in different models: New-Land countries like U.S.A. take the labor-saving model; land-lacking Asian countries like Japan take the land-saving model; and European countries like France and Germany take the medium-way model. After World War II, the rapid development of modernization in the different countries might have diverse features, but they can be classified into the above three models.â…¢. Before the establishment of the New China (1949), the Chinese Communist Party had already put forward the preliminary ideas of the development of the coming New China's agriculture. After the establishment of the New China, the construction of Chinese modernization of agriculture stepped into a brand-new development stage with the comprehensive construction of the socialist cause. From 1949 to 1966, it was the exploration and preliminary development phase, during which the Central Committee and the People's government had many preliminary ideas about the modernization of agriculture. And then agricultural production entered a vigorous development phase after a short period of time of restoration, during which although there were many difficulties and setbacks, a worldwide recognized achievement had been obtained. The ten years of the Cultural Revolution was the time of stagnation and fluctuation for the New China's agricultural modernization. There was not any advancement of the theory of the modernization of agriculture and agricultural production was badly impacted. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of Chinese Communist Party, the modernization of agriculture entered a rapid development period. Therefore, the thought of the modernization of agriculture was continuously advanced and improved. The construction of the modernization developed extremely fast and remarkable accomplishments were fulfilled. An unprecedented development wave of the modernization of agriculture swelled in.â…£. HRA is a typical representative of socialist agriculture in China. For years, the modernization construction of HRA has always ranked as the top ones nationwide. In late 1990s, under the call of the realization of the modernization of agriculture by Comrade Jiang Zemin, HRA quickened the steps of the modernization of agriculture. Compared with most areas in the nation, HRA has better agricultural basis and more edges of fulfilling the modernization of agriculture. However, there are many hindrances in the course of fulfilling the modernization due to the impact of its more state-owned economy and the slow economic growth in recent years. How to take advantage of edges and conquer those hindrances remains the key to realizing the modernization of agriculture of HRA.V. Generally accepted measurement ways of the course of the modernization of agriculture are building up measurement indicator systems and measurement models. By building up the measurement indicator system of HRA's course of the modernization of agriculture and analyzing it, such conclusion could be reached: in the indicators of HRA, some indicators' values arecomparatively high, which means HRA holds edges in these aspects; some are just average compared with the national average level, which means these aspects are medium; still some others are lower than the national average level, which indicates that there is a bigger gap. With a comprehensive estimate, the paper comes to the conclusion that the target set by sections in Heilongjiang Province in point that the modernization of agriculture in HRA will be realized in 2010 can not be fulfilled by the scheduled time.â…¥. Countries like Britain and U.S.A., their modernization belongs to the indigenously-formed type1; while the modernization is confronted with great pressures in some underdeveloped countries, which falls in the responsive type of modernization. The Chinese modernization also belongs to the latter type. In the course of the realization of modernization of agriculture in HRA, "Compulsory means" should and must be taken, "in order to compensate for the premise of modernization. ...Finally it should be fulfilled by means of politics, i.e. national policies." In another word, since some measurement indicators' values are lower in reality, practical and valid steps and solutions should be researched and developed so as to improve the modernization level of agriculture in HRA.â…¦. The modernization of agriculture is a very complicated systematic project, which covers almost the whole agricultural production and related fields. Thus, as far as the targets for the realization of the modernization of agriculture are concerned, there are certain tasks need to be done carefully, which takes certain conditions as guarantee and buttress as well. Agriculture-socialized service system, farm produce market system, agricultural qualified personnel' educating-training system and agricultural support-protection system should be combined organically, which forms the buttress system of the modernization of agriculture in HRA.
|
PDF Full Text Request