Regional Distribution And Utilization Efficiency Of Human Capital In China

Since the beginning of reform and opening up, China has achieved rapid economic development, however, it is also accompanied by a large gap of regional economic development and People's income level. For China's regional development gap issues, many academics have carried out a lot of research and got many different conclusions on the causes of regional disparities, among them, some people undertake some studies from the perspective of the regional distribution of human capital and their conclusions generally display that the unequal regional distribution of human capital is a significant cause of unbalanced regional economic development in China. This article takes the conclusion mentioned above as a logical starting point and specializes in China's uneven distribution situation of interregional human capital as well as the inherent formation mechanism of uneven distribution. Researching on these topics are of important theoretical and practical significance for us to grasp the state of uneven distribution of interregional human capital and its causes, because It can help us develop policy measures for seeking relatively equal distribution of regional human capital and realizing the harmonious development of regional economy. Around these themes mentioned above, the research works and conclusions of this article are summarized as follows:Firstly, by drawing and using inequality index such as Gini coefficient and Theil index as research tools, this article conducts empirical studies on the unequal distribution situation of interregional human capital under two different dimensions, which are on the East, Middle and West of China, as well as towns and villages. At the same time, this article also conducts quantitative research the effect of human capital flow on regional distribution of human capital by using counterfactual analysis. Results show that the distribution of human capital both between the Eastern, Central and Western regions and between urban and rural areas are all very inequalities, and both of their interregional disparities form a maximum effect in the total unequal distribution of human capital, in contrast, the effect of the gap between urban and rural areas is more obvious to the total unequal distribution. While the impact coming from interregional non-equilibrium flow of human capital to unequal regional distribution is large, and it is increasing over time, Particularly, due to the large amounts shift of human capital from rural to urban, its widening gap of human capital distribution between urban and rural areas is very obvious.Secondly, this article study causes of uneven regional distribution of human capital from the perspectives of both regional differences on the supply (i.e. investment) of human capital and human capital flows, and they both are to a large extent associated with the regional people's income level, and the income levels are related to the degree of regional utilization of its human capital, so this article select the efficiency of these regions using their human capital as a starting point, and study the regional differences in human capital use efficiency and its influencing factors. The results show that human capital efficiency difference between different areas is greater than the distribution difference of human capital, and it is the direct factors that affect investment in human capital between areas as well as cause human capital flow, This article conducts theoretical explanation on the relationship between human capital, flow and distribution from an economic perspective based on the empirical research, and discusses the formation mechanism of uneven regional distribution of human capital and propose appropriate policy measures in a more in-depth and systematic way.Based on the above, this paper's main innovations lie in:firstly, different from past research, this article does not directly study the quantitative contribution of human capital to economic growth, but take the human capital playing an important role in the regional economic growth as a analysis starting point, and studies the formation mechanism of uneven regional distribution of human capital in China and seeks the policy measures for relative balance in the framework of economics, to a certain extent, this breakthrough the traditional paradigms; secondly, this article study performance on regional economic development from the perspective of use efficien-cy of human capital, and it can make people pay more attention to people's principal role in the economic development and effort to create suitable external environment that is conducive to human talent (i.e. human capital) be well displayed, so this also has a certain amount of theoretical and methodological innovation.