Research On Development Of Community Cooperative Economic Organization In Fishing Villages

Since the establishment of People's Republic of China, fishing villages have experienced tremendous development. As a fishery city, Rongcheng City gave full consideration to the characteristics of fishery development and retained the collective economy of the city's fishing industry after the reform and opening up of China, when the household contract responsibility system was popularized in the most of rural areas. Because the characteristics of fisheries include large investment one-time, great risk, seasonal fluctuation, strong collaboration. Rong- cheng has formed a unique business model, which made much econo- mic benefits and social benefits. The characteristics of this model include all property owned collectively, unified business, contract levels and net income being allocated.However, with the changes in the institutional environment, the fishing community cooperative economic organizations are also showing a variety of trends and facing new challenges. It is not suitable for the needs of the development in some fishing villages.Four fishing communities are researched in the paper, which have different characteristics in Rongcheng. The theoretical framework of the new institutional economics and the field research methods of the sociology are applied in the paper. Through field survey in fishing villages getting much first-hand material, which are used to systemic research on the villages and microscopic analysis the development of community cooperative economic organizations in Fishing villages, in order to show the change process, refine the factors which affected them, summarize their problems and future trends, then put forward feasible policy recommendations. Field research is a kind of sociological research methods commonly used, which being used in combinative with the new institutional economics is a novel attempt.The main contents in the paper include: Chapter 1 introduces the basis for choosing this subject, research methods, research ideas, framework of the paper, innovation, basic concept and so on. Chapter 2 is a literature review and an assessment. Chapter 3 constructs a basic theoretical analysis framework of the study. Chapter 4 is the basis for selection of cases. Four fishing community cooperative economic organizations are analyzed in Chapter 4 to Chapter 7, which have different characteristics and different development results achieved. Some important factors to be extracted by a comparative analysis of the four community cooperative economic organizations in Chapter 8, which include the evolution of marine industry, system of local government services, the sound development of community enterprises, social capital of the fishing communities, effect of the community elite capable, system compatibility with the environment. Chapter 9 and chapter 10 summarizes some problems of the fishing village cooperative economic organizations, their development trends, policy recommendations, change process, factors influencing change process and discuss the limitations of this article.The main conclusions of this paper are:(1)Fishing village community cooperation economy organizations experienced three development stages, which are the fishing cooperative organizations forced by the national government, the fishing collective economy retained by the local governments firmly and the autonomous economic organizations in fishing communities.(2) Factors that influence the development of community cooperative economic organization in fishing villages include the evolution of marine industry, system of local government services, the sound development of community enterprises, social capital of the fishing communities, effect of the community elite capable, system compatibility with the environment. System compatibility with the environment is the most important factor of them. (3) Major problems of the community cooperative economic organization in fishing villages include collective property owner is not clear, the initial allocation system is unfair when enterprise reform, high concentration of community power, serious loss of collective property and malignant path dependence of the Changes of community system.(4) To avoid deterioration of the above problems, numbers of feasible policy recommendations have been proposed in the paper. Firstly, the core issue should be seized to avoid malignant path dependence of institutional change. And then, there are two available ways for institutional change. One is that collective assets still remain in the community enterprise as collective shares, which managed by the village committee to ensure the equity dividend payments, and the village committee must be established by the village election. The other one is that cooperation agreement should be signed by the fishing village and community enterprises after full consultation between them. Agreement must be clear responsibilities and obligations of both sides, which will to avoid the high cost of recovers the collective property rights and requires re-contracting. To realize the above two ways of change, a new village committee must be established in fishing communities, which should represent the interests of the villagers. The members of the new village committee must have strong bargaining power and can not hold any position in the community enterprises, to avoid a relapse into chaos of the management of collective assets. The financial must be fully and completely separated between enterprises and Villages. The new village committee are responsible for supervision of community-based enterprises are strictly performed its responsibilities and obligations, which must also accept the supervision of all the villagers. Village management services must be open to all villagers.