Study On Western Transfer Of Rural Labor And Rural Development Problems

In the process of china's economic transition and social transformation, due to the convergence and collision of a variety of moral concepts, values and behavior choice, a large number of in-depth topics emerged, and the "San-Nong" issue in the western is one of the most apparent one. While, in the numerous problems existed in the " San-Nong" issue,rural labor transfer is the most prominent problem. Currently, in the study of rural labor force transfer, both the classical theory of rural labor transfer analysis, such as the Lewis theory, the Todaro theory and Sjaastad's transfer theory of human capital and new labor migration theory, or the empirical researches from current domestic and foreign scholars have been paying much attentions on the impact of rural labor transferred to the urban areas, but the effection to rural areas in this transference were paid little attention. What's more, among the few studies involved in the transfer of rural labor force, studies about the western rural areas are less. Therefore, this paper will address this area which are relatively neglected by academics, and have a in-depth study of the rural development problem caused by rural labor force transfer.By using a combination of theoretical analysis and empirical research methods, and based on a in-depth analysis of status and characteristics of rural labor resources and transference in west, this paper studied the western rural economic and social development problems which caused by the transfer of labor force. Finally, this paper came up with some relevant countermeasures and proposals.This study showed that the number of rural labor resources in west is abundant, but the quality resources are relative scarcity. Transferred scale of rural labor force has been expanding each year, in 2008, out labor force in west were up to 45.13 million, which accounted for 28.35% of total resources in rural labor force. Meanwhile, the study found that the transfer of rural labor in Western have a typically selective characteristics, which are mainly presented as selective for the ages, sex, income and cultural. This paper have further drew that the out rural labor are the most quality resources in the western rural, who also are the most necessary part in the development of agriculture and rural areas, while the "surplus" labor force who perhaps real need to shift out are continue to stay in the rural areas and engaged in agricultural production.Combining the statistical data from relevant departments with On-the-spot survey data in rural areas, this paper analyzed, the selectivity of the western rural labor transfer caused many problems in development of western economic and social in rural areas. This paper focuses on the most prominent problems such as agricultural, urban-rural gap, rear children and family support. The results showed:the transfer of rural labor in Western caused the decrease of agricultural output, and due to the "necessary" labor in agriculture transferred, the phenomenon of extensive general management in agricultural and land abandonment appeared in western rural areas; The analysis showed that the problems of western rural labor transfer and western urban-rural division are mutually reinforcing, the transfer of rural labor force expand the urban-rural gap in the west, and large urban-rural gap lead to more large-scale rural labor force transfer. For this phenomenon, I believe that was mainly due to the "spillover" of western rural human capital, while, human capital in urban mainly present as "overflow within." In addition, among many factors the author studied that have impacted the urban-rural gap in Western, the gap between urban and rural human capital investment gap between urban and rural areas have the biggest influence; In the study of Left-behind children,we found that because parents are out, which resulted the absence of family education, having a number of psychological and physiological adverse effects on Left-behind children, and having some negative effect on its formal school education too. The analysis on the influence of aged children going out to the family pension have showed, children going out increased the labor burden on the elders in the western significantly, reducing the daily life care for their parents, and also had a negative impact on the emotional support to their parents. Finally, on the basis of experience from other countries and regions on how to settle rural development problems in the process of rural labor transfer, we have proposed some policy recommendations, including to speed up the establishment of the land transfer market and increase investment in human capital in rural western, to build a western rural endowment pluralistic system etc.