Scientific Research Production System And Its Practice In China

The level of science and technology is an important index for national comprehensive competence. As the primary productive force, science and technology is the main force that can realize the national aim and change the economy and society. Nowadays, China's development strategy of science and technology is to improve the innovative ability and mobilize researchers'energies. It endeavors to build a huge flock of research staff with rational structure so that can guarantee the quality and creativity of the achievements. It is an important way to realize the deficiencies and reform direction of research system by analyze this production mode and its evolution.As a subsystem of social production system, research activities go through a process from personal free probe to merge into social production. In the respect of research incentive, researcher switched their idealism to utilitarianism. The idealism probe has already unpopular, application research and technology development is the main object of sci-tech investment. In the respect of cost, research can not be afford by person. It maintained by enterprise or nation. This process is called research activity socialization. That is to say, the production of research achievement can not be seemed as simple material production. Its production mode is between pure spirit product and material product. So it need be analyzed both in scientific abstract method and economic and policy method.The research approach of this article is to analyze the internal operation law of the research production at the beginning. After this, this paper moves its focus to social level to finish the whole process. So the cut-in point of this paper is the epistemology of research knowledge. The production of research knowledge is not only including the scientific knowledge but all the knowledge which product during R&D. The production of new knowledge is the results of researchers'innovative thinking. This kind of labor is different from simple material production. It is not mechanical work and can not regulate in any fixed system. All this process is done in researchers'head, so we can not use several factor, such as human resource, finance to build a production function. The particularity of research achievement production is evaluation standard. The standard of technological research is whether achievement realize the expect function or reach the designer's standard. But the basic research, especially the profound knowledge is evaluation standard is the identification of research community. This is a requirement for social environment: research community needs its authority.The internal principle of research production requires the basic research unit is a team. It consists by researchers, technicians, and supporting stuffs under the guidance of a research leader. As same as the basic unit enterprise in market, task team is the minimum unit in research field. To be in conformity with entrepreneurship in market, basic research unit gain its station through the core researcher's ability. Due to receive the investment from the third party, the basic research team has different research interest and value orientation with investors. Because of this principal-agent relationship, research participants are enlarged. It contains researchers, enterprises, nation, and consumers and so on. As science and technology become national undertaking, national guidance and interference makes the tension between research production internal and external institution more complex. Research achievement production mode is the result of game.Research achievement production mode embedded in social system, so external mode is the character of one nation's institution. Scientific and technological research started quite late in China, the development of research production mode is improving by using the experience of other countries. According to our nation's tradition, China's science and technology system adopts planning management model. This article analyzes China research external mode. Generally speaking, china science and technology system goes through the process from a system-loosen era that respect internal mode to a highly centralized, rigid-structure era and then to a research productivity-emancipate, well- management era. The impetus of this change comes from the state will and the national economic and political system. This article analyzes this history in order to emphases the character of China research achievement production mode and prove the theoretical model...