Carbon Emission Effect Of Land Use In China

Carbon cycle became the core of bio-geochemical research field in recent 20 years, and the carbonaceous play a crucial role in the matter cycle between atmosphere, geo-sphere, hydrosphere and biosphere, which impact the stability of living environment of humanity and creature directly and indirectly. As the growing of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration reinforced the greenhouse effect, which endangered global agriculture, ecosystems, water resources, coastal zone and so on, thus CO2 emission to atmosphere was brought about worldwide social and economic concern. Land use change had contributed to about one third of anthropogenic carbon fluxes to atmosphere from industrial revolution, which increased the atmospheric CO2 concentration, and reinforced the greenhouse effect. Comparing the fossil fuels combustion emission, the mechanism of carbon emission caused by land use change was more complex and uncertainty; therefore the latter became the hotspot and difficulty in global change research. However, few researches integrated the terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage change and anthropogenic carbon emission together. As a synthesis of natural eco-region and economic resource, land is not only playing a positive sink role in global C cycle, but also giving a surface provision for carrying on anthropogenic emissions. Nowadays, academic prefer to study the terrestrial carbon sinks from land use change; then the anthropogenic emission effects of land use are still unconcern and uncertain. Evaluating the integrated carbon flux by land use helps constrain integrated emissions and may help China choose how to comply with commitments for emission reduction. In this study, we reported the research on magnitude, distribution, standard and reduction potential of China's integrated carbon emissions by land use from the 1980's to 2009.Consequently, lkm-grid GIS analytic model was constructed to accounting carbon storage impact of terrestrial ecosystem caused by land use change in recent 20 years. Furthermore, the author analyzed the integrated (both natural and anthropogenic) emission effect by land use on the reference of'2006 IPCC guidelines for greenhouse gas inventories'. At length, the paper assessed and optimized the carbon emission effect for the latest national general land use plan, and estimated the potential of carbon emission reduction by land administration policies, and the relational guaranteed system for reducing carbon emission and adding carbon sink were also advanced in succession. The mainly study contents were listed as below: 1. The author summarized the advances of external and internal researches in mechanism, effect, model, methodology and accounting-result of carbon emission by land use and land coverage change, and analyzed the latest native research status with an announcement of shortcomings in present studies.2. Carbon emission response mechanism of terrestrial ecosystem by land use change was concluded in the aspects of natural interference, land categories conversion and land administration. By means of the interpretation of 4 time-point Landsat TM images of 1985,1995,2000 and 2005 and Modis image of 2009, the author described the characters of national land use structure and terrestrial ecosystem carbon accumulation in recent 20 years, and pointed out the trend of land use change and carbon storage in the 6 board regions respectively.3. On the basis of lkm-grid land use categories dataset and accessorial layers of climate zone, vegetation type and soil types, the general evaluation model for carbon storage impacts of terrestrial ecosystem caused by land use change was established, the parameters results in carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystem external and internal were also took into accounting. The model computed the national carbon emission by land use change in China from 1985 to 2005 and implied the visible carbon sink with the value of 0.140-0.151PgC per year, of which 0.097-0.108PgC vegetation carbon sink per year,59TgC SOC accumulation per year and above 2 of thirds general carbon sink was contributed in forest ecosystem.4. On the reference of'2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories'and special parameters of sectional carbon emission intensities, the author accounted the total anthropogenic carbon emission in the scale of nation and province, which including 4 board categories of energy, industry processes and product use, agriculture, forestry and other land use, waste and 48 sub-categories. The conclusion was revealed that the anthropogenic emission in 1985 was 168±0.10 Pg equivalent CO2 and the figure was rise up to 8.45±0.49 Pg equivalent CO2, as a matter of course that anthropogenic emission growth speed outrun terrestrial carbon sink completely.5. On the analysis of per area carbon emission intensities of land use categories between world, China, sub-region and provinces, the author proclaimed that carbon emission intensity in China was 1.38 times of world average, and the carbon emission intensity of built-up land in China was 2.4 times of global average. On that base, the national carbon emission inventories of land use and relative standard system was put forward, with the classifications of land remaining a land-use category and land converted to a new land-use catergory and concluded the contends of accounting items, methodology, procedure and proposed default parameters.6. Hereinto, the paper assessed carbon emission effect for the latest national general land use plan, and established a lineal plan model by LINGO9.0 software program to optimize the land use structure on the aim of largest carbon accumulation and smallest anthropogenic carbon emission. Moreover, the author forecasted the anthropogenic emission in the time point of 2010,2015 and 2020 under the normal scene and low carbon scene; the results revealed that both land natrual drive and socio-economic drive have a remarkable carbon emission reduction effect; and land use structure optimization was nessary for accomplished the aim of 40-45% emission reduction per GDP output before the year of 2020.7. Further, the paper estimated the potential of carbon emission reduction by land administration policies, and got a conclusion that structure optimizing had supreme potential, and afforestation, farmland management and built-up expand limitation also had distinguished effect. At length, the author discussed the guaranteed system for reducing carbon emission and adding carbon sink from the viewpoint of land administration.