Research On Key Techniques Of Wireless Sensor Networks

Recent advances in sensor, micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology, nested computation and wireless communications have enabled the development of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) including a large number sensor nodes, which consistint of sensing, data processing, and communicating components. WSNs, which are data-centric and put emphasis upon information detection and cooperative processing, provide a novel technology about acquiring and processing information. WSNs is capable of the detection, measurement, classification, recognition, location and track of interested target, and can be widely used in national defense, infrastructure security, environment monitoring, traffic management and industry control applications etc. But its characters of so many nodes, redundant data, complicated enviroments and limited resources, especially node energy and communication bandwidth, have presented great challenges for its basic theory and engineering technology. Network protocol stack and collabrative signal and information processing (CSIP), which are the important components of key technologies in wireless sensor network, have attracted more and more attentions. Therefore, technologies of network protocol design and information processing are systemically and deeply investigated in this dissertation. The research work and the main results are as follows:(1) Wireless sensor networks and key technologies The characteristics of WSNs and the difficulties encountered by the traditional network protocols used in WSNs are first analyzed. Then based on the presentation of network model and formal description, key technologies of protocol design, CSIP and network simulation are carefully studied and the main research advances are detailedly reviewed.(2) Energy-load balancing based engergy-aware multipath routing Inavoidance of some nodes becoming inactive too early resulting from the nonuniform distribution of traffic in WSNs, the Energy-load Balancing based Engergy-aware Multipath Routing (EBEMR) algorithm is proposed. According to the two metrics of energy left and hops, strategies of Maximum of Minimum of Path node-Energy (MaxMPRE) and Minimum of Hop-Count (MHC) are designed. For the diverse kinds of data traffic, the algorithm can choose different pathes to avoid some nodes overworking, and for the same data traffic, it smooths the jitters generated by the path-switch based on the Boltzmann function to improve the communication performance. The experiment results show that EBEMR outperforms the Directed...