| The future new type sensor array system possesses two features: fresh physics mechanism system and new signal processing methods. In order to resolve these issues , the former Soviet Union and the United States have been developed a new type sensor-vector sensor in 20th century late period , which measures the three dimensional acoustic (or electromagnetism field) particle velocity vector, as well as the acoustic(electromagnetism) pressure at one location. By preserving directional information that is present in the structure of the velocity field, they gain a number of advantages over traditional arrays of scalar sensors, such as hydrophones and microphones, so the vector sensor array technology open a new eye on resolving many problems of array processing, which attracts the all countries unprecedented concern and also become hot topic in domain of array processing.Based on the historical retrospect of the development, the actuality, and applications of the vector sensor array, the thesis, through combined with the freshest development tendency of array technology , research the key techniques home as flows: adaptive beamforming, wide band beamformer, high revolution direction estimation and self calibration using arrays of vector sensor,which is pivotal for engineering application using vector sensor array and not yet released in actual open literature.1) The development course and application situation of vector sensor array are reviewed systemically, the beamforming model using vector sensor array is established, it is the first time to classify the beamforming methods using vector sensor array in detail, Type I and II beamformer are brought forward, combined beamforming method is also put forward. The array manifold of the common circular array and linear array founded on vector sensor elements are derivated.The directiviry expression of linear vector sensor array is also showed in the thesis;2) It is the first time to design broadband beamforer in the vector sensor array processing territory, an efficient design method based on adaptive technique for wideband vector sensor array with frequency invariant beam pattern is presented, for a given beam pattern, the all design process can be completed automaticallyby computer without any complicated mathematic derivation. The proposed method can not only used in any vector sensor array system but also in any scale array system, which have no restriction on array geometry;3) This work represents the first paper relating the high revolution direction estimation methods in beam space to an array of vector sensors. This present algorithm further distinguishes itself through sufficiently utilizes the advantage that the vector sensors provide from other beam space DOA algorithms in several regards: 1) beams are formed in the vector-field domain; 2) produce at moderate signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimation performance comparable to the traditional scale array methods;3) these vector-field beams are formed blindly using no apriori source information and coarse estimates of the direction cosine are derived to start off MUSIC's iterative search so it demand less computation; 4) deploy agilely , since the fact that the output channel is various .The vector sensor array space smooth algorithm is also presented here for handling coherent source signal. Moreover unite with the vector sensor broadband beam formation algorithm ,an idea which, aim at broadband signal bearing estimation using vector sensor array in beam space is also given out;4) This thesis represents the first paper relating array calibration to an array of vector sensors, the model of array errors for a vector sensor array is established, it can be find that vector sensor array errors' calibration is more complicated and difficult than that of scale array through detailed analyses. In the thesis a novel adaptive competitive approach of array calibration for an array of vector sensors is presented which can calibrate errors of gain, directivity, phase, position and other characte...
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