Research On Target Detection Theory For Multiple Antenna-based Radar Systems

With properly designing and configurating the radar antennas, antenna-basedsystem can exploit more information of target and jammer to improve the targetdetection and jammer suppression performance. In this thesis, two classicalantenna-based systems are studied in two separate parts: MIMO (Multiple InputMultiple Output) radar and SLB (Sidelobe Blanking) system.PART1: Target detection theory and algorithm with MIMO radarBy exploiting the rich diversity information of target, such as spatial, frequency andpolarization diversities, MIMO radar can improve the target detection ability. Thecontributions of this part are1. The optimum/suboptimum detector designs in compound-Gaussian backgroundfor space-time coding MIMO radarsA general detector structure is proposed against compound-Gaussian background,and the specific detection statistic is deceloped for K distribution background. Moreover,the asymptotic optimum detector with large data is devised, which is a distribution freetest. Additionally, other tests are designed based on GLRT, Rao and Wald rules. TheGLRT is equivalent to the asymptotic optimum detector.2. The target detection with polarimetric MIMO radar by exploiting the polarizationdiversity of the target and clutterThe traditional space-time coding MIMO model is developed to polarization sceneswith polarimetric antenna configrations, and adaptive GLRT is devised in Gaussianbackground. Moreover, for single point target and the distributed target, the GLRT, Raoand Wald tests are derived against compound-Gaussian background for polarimetricMIMO radar.3. The optimum/suboptimum detector designs for general MIMO radarWe propose GLRT, Rao and Wald tests, and prove that they are equivalent inGaussian background. The GLRT and Rao tests are derived in compound-Gaussianbackground. Additionally, we evaluate the performance of colocated MIMO radar withrandomly configurating antenna elements, including the target detection, the DOA(Direction Of Arrival) estimation and jammer suppression. PART2: Performance analysis of target detection and jammer suppression for SLBsystemSLB system adopts two antenna channels, the main and auxiliary channels (Theantenna pattern in main channel is designed to be high mainlobe and low sidelobe gains;in the auxiliary channel, it is designed to be omini-directional). By exploiting thedifference between two channels, SLB system can both detect target and suppressjammer with high probabilities. The contributions of this part are1. Performance analysis of incoherent receiver for non independent identicallydistributed target modelWe analyze the performance of incoherent radar receiver (square-law+integration)in the presence of arbitrary correlated, possibly non-identically distributed targetbackscattered echoes, assuming generalized Swerling Chi target fluctuations and whiteGaussian noise, develop analytic expressions for the detection probability in terms ofpower series.2. Performance analysis of SLB system with incoherent receiverWe evaluate the SLB performance with incoherent receiver in the presence of whiteGaussian noise and jammer entering through the sidelobes of the antenna. Closed-formperformance probabilities, in terms of either the generalized Marcum or NuttallQ-function, are derived for non-fluctuating target and jammer both in the blanking andthe detection regions. The analysis is extended to account for arbitrary correlated,possibly non-identically distributed fluctuating target and/or jamming returns among agiven number of integrated pulses, and closed-form performance probabilities arederived.3. Design an advanced SLB architecture with invariance receiversWe propose a new SLB structure by using invariant receivers on the two channels,develop the general theoretical framework and apply it to the special case of Kelly'sreceiver Closed form expressions of the performance probabilities in the blanking anddetection regions are derived. The proposed SLB system has the constant false alarmratio (CFAR) property.