Economics And Demographics Analysis Of Consumption Externalities

It is generally acknowledged that the founder of the externalities theory is Marshall. The externalities theory in the modern meaning is put forward by Pigou. Coase has made important supplementary and contribution to it. Both of Pigou and Coase mainly pay close attention to production externalities and ignore consumption externalities. Until late 1990s, with the gradual rising trend of consumption externalities research, foreign scholar Joachim Schleich (1997) and Chinese scholar Li Jianxing (2001) have written articles about consumption externalities. As a whole, consumption externalities belong to a front problem as an academic research, and its specific research by scholars home and abroad is in its initial stage, to some extent, is even a blank sheet. Because of the fact that consumption externalities are different from production externalities and consumption externalities are becoming more and more serious day by day of the whole world, special study about consumption externalities should take the top priority at present.This text regards consumption externalities as the core of study, following from consumption externalities theory to consumption externalities practice and from domestic consumption externalities to international consumption externalities. In analyzing consumption externalities theory, this text studies from economics and demography two angles mainly, and proposes the corresponding countermeasure in view of the above; While studying the form of the consumption externalities, this text gives the example of the car consumption, and then analyses the externalities of various kinds of forms and the car consumption externalities in China.It is a historical tradition to study the externalities in terms of economics. This text is the first attempt to study consumption externalities in terms of economics. Consumption externalities are caused by consumer behavior of daily life. It is characterized by high depressiveness, accumulating, advancing gradually, etc. Both positive and negative consumption externalities cannot optimize the resources because the former will damage the environment directly while the latter will influence the environment in directly due to the lack of motivation for the protectionof the environment. Though the welfare has beer, increased for externalities "maker" on the environmental externalities but endangered others' environmental light. Meanwhile, it reduced the welfare of externalities "bearer" and the whole society at the same time.Consumption externalities are dosely related to population. This text studies consumption externalities from the demography angle, therefore, it has opened up a new visual angle. It is no doubt that the size of population influences externalities but at the same time, different quality of the population also influences externalities because of their different consumption modes. Generally speaking, the higher the quality of the population is, the less the consumption externalities there will be. In addition, the age composition, the family structure, the income distribution disparity, and the migration of population will also influence the consumption externalities. Therefore, for developing countries, it is not merely a population policy to control the population size and improve the quality of the population, but also an important component to reduce the consumption externalities and protect environment.This text gets out of the policy of reducing consumption externalities. Economic means are regarded as the basis to reduce consumption externalities, namely internalizing the environmental cost through such systems as levying, charging, deposit, etc. This keeps the same with whole market economic system too, and government order and control means work only when the economic means are difficult to work. Obviously, to solve consumption externalities fundamentally, it relies on the transition of consumers values So in the process, education plays a very important part. Although the enterprises undertake the manufacturing consumption instead of life co...