Study On Feature Of Different Training Stage For Chinese Elite Sanda Athelets During Their Growth

It is now indisputable that the theory of Sanda training lags behind its practice. In light of the long-term investigation on the practice of Sanda training, many excellent coaches have already mastered some successful experiences of cultivating high-level athletes, but due to the constraints of both the subjective and objectives factors, those valuable experiences have not been refined into training theories, and for which the scope of its training practice can not be widened and its scientific process can not be improved. Therefore, it is immediate and essential to bring together those strands of valuable experiences, systematically sum them up, and make them converted into special training theories.Based on the research methods of literature review, experts'interview, questionnaire, data statistics and logical analysis, this thesis explores the training features of the different developing phases of the excellent Sanda athletes. It is hoped that on the basis of the related theories, the careful and deep research, and the systematic induction of those successful training experiences, this thesis can enrich the theoretical system of Sanda special training and conversely make the theories serve its training practice better, which may contribute to improving our Sanda training and making it more scientific. The major findings of this research are presented as follows.Firstly, the excellent Sanda athletes in different developing phases obviously have periodical features, and those features are both different and related to each other, constructing a training system. In the training process, we are supposed to take the specialties lying in different phases into consideration, appropriately design specific training objectives and tasks, and take related training measures. Meanwhile, we can not break the integrity of the athletes'developing process, and all the training objectives, tasks and the related training measures must be obligated to help the athletes arrive at their highest level at proper age and finally achieve good results.Secondly, based on the training adaptation theory, this thesis points out that in the process of cultivating excellent Sanda athletes, to timely and properly stimulate the athletes'body can make them continuously function as positive response and thus effectively improve their competitive ability step by step.Thirdly, Sanda specialty mainly has the following features: unique form of competitive arena; short time of tridimensional offense and defense, high-intensity and intermittent variable sport; techniques presenting the features of complexity, openness, practicability, disorder and antagonism; tactics focusing on flexibility and skills; psychologically presenting such characters as impromptu bravery, confidence of victory, acute observation, quick decision-making, stout will, and superb control and regulatory capability; defining the competition according to the athletes'weight, etc. Sanda specialty is the important basis for training. In the training process, we are supposed to closely combine the special features of Sanda with training.Fourthly, the developing process of the excellent Sanda athletes can be divided into four phases, i.e. basic training, specialty improvement, best competitive, and competitive remaining. Different phases have their distinctive characteristics of age: basic training phase (age: 13.5～16.5), specialty improvement phase (age: 17.1～20.1), best competitive phase (age: 20.6～24.2), and remain competitive phase (age: 24.4～27.9). The training contents, traning means and methods adopted in different phases should conform to the athletes'biological features in different ages.Fifthly, the features of the athletes in basic training phase are diversification of the training system; cultivating the atheletes'confidence and interests for speciality; emphasis on kicking, wrestling, stroking and training in normativity of combining techniques and practicability; strengthening fully physical training on the basis of developing athletes'physical qualities comprehensively; and paying attention to matching opponents, etc.Sixthly, the features of the excellent athletes in specialty improvement phase are guiding according to circumstances; cultivating specialties; fully mastering tactical forms and promoting the integration of techniques and tactics; highlighting the training of speed, endurance and strength; focusing on the advancement of athletes'abilities in operational thinking and anxiety adaptability.Seventhly, the features of the excellent athletes in the best training competitive phase are linking closely to the dominant factor of victory related to Sanda, highlighting the target training; promoting the competitive ability with the combination of training and competition; devoloping the unique skills by intensifying the specialty training; emphasizing the systematic preparation and striving to create success.Lastly, the features of the excellent athletes in the best training competitive phase are maintaining the special physical fitness to fully exert the athletes'experience; making effective incentive to keep psychological stability; emphasizing the control of athletes'training load and promoting the physical function recovery by adopting various means and methods; laying"score"as the center and reinforcing the technological innovation; carefully controling and regulating the athletes'weights to choose the proper level of competition.