The Revolutionary Endemicity: The Research Of The Agrarian Revolution In Guangdong Province(1927-1934) Led By CCP

The Guangdong agrarian revolutionary (1927-1934) led by the CCP took place against the background of national revolution as a result of KMT-CCP cooperation and the lasting northern expedition in the mid-1920s. Guangdong Province was the base of the national revolution. The CCP used various favorable conditions to launch the Peasant Movement. The organization was deeply rooted in the countryside and laid firm foundations for the Guangdong agrarian revolutionary afterwards. When KMT-CCP cooperation broke down, the CCP members in Guangdong immediately entered the countryside or had to go under. They initiated insurrections and uprising against KMT, established Soviet regime and revolutionary base, and developed the agrarian revolutionary movement.In order to lead the agrarian revolution, the CCP in Guangdong managed to resume and strengthen the organization system. The CCP tried to establish mass organizations such as the Communist Youth League, the red union, the peasant association and so on in different names and forms. After the victory of riots and uprising, swiftly, the Soviet government was set up, and furthered land revolution. But mass organizations and Soviet government were just tools for the CCP to seize state power and govern the people. Thus the relationship between the CCP organizations and mass organizations, and Soviet government was so subtle. The relationship between leading and being led was alienated into a relationship between monopolizing and being monopolized, so that it was not so good for mass organizations and Soviet government give full play. At the same time, in order to enlarge its organization, the CCP once absorbed all people without any necessary check. The organization did enlarge rapidly, but the complexity of the members reduced the battle effectiveness of the organization.Before the Guangdong Soviet government was set up, the funds and materials which the CCP needed to launch agrarian revolution, mainly came from fining the revolutionary objects and confiscation, which was often abundant. Yet, after Soviet government was set up, the CCP mainly relied on various taxes. Gradually, income fell short of expenditure and thus financial crisis appeared. From about 1929 on, Guangdong agrarian revolutionary under the leadership of the CCP was not successful. Economic difficulty was one of the important reasons.During the Guangdong agrarian revolutionary, setting about the small economic struggle, the CCP did its best to arouse peasants, women, youth and workers. Although there were not outstanding achievements, the Soldier Movement led by CCP was the most effective in China. In addition, the CCP resumed the Relief Headquarters and its organization system in cities of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao. Always in the name of charitable societies, the CCP publicly assisted those who were persecuted for revolutionary activities, and also their family. Under the premise of relief in general, the CCP treated them differently. These activities saved the backbone of the CCP, and strengthened its organization's cohesive force. However, these work were greatly influenced by left lines, thus, they could not work efficiently.The CCP led Guangdong agrarian revolutionary, seized state power with armed uprisings, and founded revolutionary base almost all over the whole province. Dongjiang was the most typical representative. But in the process of confiscating and distributing land, leftist policy requested confiscation of all land, only burning all land deeds and digging ridge, which hurt seriously the interests and feelings of peasants, dampened peasant's initiative to participate agrarian revolutionary. Without peasant's sincere support and heartily participation, the agrarian revolution could not be successful. So the success of agrarian revolution largely depended on the CCP's correct agrarian revolutionary policy.Due to the geographical location, traditional culture, folk customs and historical origin of Guangdong, the agrarian revolution led by CCP has strong localism. Firstly, the agrarian revolution happened in Yue culture region where native people lived with hakka. The cultural ethos differed a lot from those of other provinces. Common people owned lots of weapons. So fights with weapons between families were common. The CCP transferred family fights into class struggle, which was more effective than anywhere else. Secondly, Guangdong was greatly influenced by national revolution. The base on which the CCP led revolution was great. Not only was the revolution in the Guangdong continent dynamic, but also in Hainan Island. The revolution in Guangdong became a strong-based one with land and marine force. finally, Guangdong is adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao. Due to its special political and geographical position, Hong Kong became one of the birthplaces of Guangdong agrarian revolution led by the CCP. Hong Kong and Macao became safe harbor for revolutionaries.Guangdong was one of the areas where the CCP fought against KMT and launched agrarian revolution earliest after the first KMT-CCP cooperation broke down. Therefore, the success of Guangdong agrarian revolution led by the CCP was not only related to development, but related to all jobs of the CCP. The lessons that Guangdong agrarian revolution led by CCP failed are as follows. First, in the process of revolution, the CCP did not sum up the lessons from the success or failure to correct mistakes in work, did not keep independence according to the local characteristics in Guangdong, either. Second, the CCP did not face up and reform peasant's weaknesses, neglected and even suppressed intellectuals, so revolution could not develop sustainably. Third, the CCP did not straighten out the relationship between centralization and democratic, and did not cultivate independent thinking spirit and democratic consciousness, thus the CCP could not make appropriate decisions according to particularity of Guangdong local situation.