| At present,our party's ideological and political education is facing unprecedented challenges.In order to enhance the effectiveness,attractiveness and cohesiveness of it,we must inherit and carry forward the party's fine tradition ,study and analysis the success historical practice, sum up the basic experience, from which to explore the regularity guidelines.The ideological and political education of the northeast liberated areas had developed on the basis of the Japanese imperialism's enslaved education and the KMT's stupefying education.However,it had achieved the widest range of socialization,in a short period of three years.The topics has great significance to the development and perfection of our party's ideological and political education .This paper is the study of the young intellectuals,in-service cadres,farmers,workers and citizens of the Northeast liberated areas.It shows a comprehensive introduction to our party's ideological and political education at different times under different conditions.The foothold of the article is exploring the historical experience and the real enlightenment in order to obtain the fine tradition's current meanings.The first chapter summarizes the theoretical basis of the education and describes the education history in details.The cadre educational theory summarized as:Marxism is the theoretical foundation and the guiding ideology;combination with the concrete realities of China's revolution is the basic principle;"cadre education first"is the strategic policy; insisting on combining learn and work. The youth educational theory summarized as: young people are an important component of China's revolution; School graduates must be combined with workers and peasants; pay mre attention to the characteristics of young people. The peasant educational theory summarized as:the peasant issue is the basic problem of the Chinese revolution;farmer education must be combined with the vital interests. The workers educational theory summarized as: the workers is the leader class in the Chinese revolution;the education must follow the mass line.Then, it describes the education history in details from the Communist Party's inception to the Sino-Japanese War.Chapter II explores the party's ideological and political education of young intellectuals.Firstly reveales the blind orthodoxy and the causes. The shortage of cadres and the young people's pure passion nature,is the objective and subjective conditions to carry out the education. Therefore, the Northeast Executive Committee put forward the basic principle of the ideological reformation and stressed that the mass line should be upholded. The main content of the youth education:patriotic war of self-defense education, land reform education, class position education. Our party adopted various ways to carry out it,such as attending class ,giving reports, participating social activities, disclosing their pains ,anti-spy activities. There was a general increase in young people's ideological awareness and political consciousness.They established the view of serving the people. There were some deviations such as the political education deviated from the social reality; once appeared in the case of wash the intellectuals; highly affected by the old regular education.However, about 70-80 thousand educated young people had participated in the revolution.in the shortest period of time,the achievements are obvious.The third chapter describes the party's ideological and political education of the in-service cadres. the major perception problems: existing "small groups ", lacking organization and discipline, bureaucratic style of work ,routinism and empiricism.In order to solve the various ideological problems,our party carried out Situations and tasks education, class line education, Marxist theory and working methods education, organization and discipline education.The major education forms: organizing the cadres to participate the mission to work in countryside; carrying out the party's rectification movement; carrying out in-service cadres study movement.Through the education,the cadres in-service eliminated the non-proletarian ideas basically and mastered the Marxist way of thinking and working . A large number of qualified new cadres were cultivated.There were still some shortages,such as the lack of specific and individual leadership and the education can not meet the needs of the revolutionary development.Chapter IV describes the party's ideological and political education of farmers. Firstly,it introduces the ideological characteristics of the farmers in northeast: ethnic hatred covered up class contradictions; there are serious mental servility.The basic principles of farmer education were summarized as:"education-fighting-education again-fighting again"; concerning people's interests;combining the mass line and the party's policies. The chapter introduces the party's education in land reform,democratic regime establishment, large-scale production,army supporting in detail. On this basis, introduces the several key links. It concludes the main achievements finally. The peasants wiped out servile consciousness Basically, and generally established the identity with the Chinese revolution and the Chinese Communist Party.Therefore, mobilized boundless enthusiasm for the revolution.Chapter V describes the party's ideological and political education of workers. Firstly, introduces the reasons of the workers education. The important strategic position of the northeast , a large number of industrial workers, is the objectively necessary and favorable conditions to carry out the education.The extremely backward political thought, determines the urgency and difficulty of the education to cayry out .Then, summarizes the basic contents and the main forms of workers education. The basic contents are: class relations education, current affairs and policy education, labor concepts education. The main forms are: amateur tutorial schools and political universities of workers, workers unions, the production contest, production workers reading. The characteristics of the workers education summarized as: cultural learning organization was a political propaganda organ;the first formal evening education was created first time. Finally, analysis the achievements and shortage. Major achievements include: (1) basicly set up revolutionary sense; (2) some region's political study formed a broad mass movement; (3) trained a large number of cadres and production activists.The shortages summarized as: (1) some places'education stay in the political enlightenment stage; (2) The formalism of the political education became the burden of the workers.Chapter VI explores our party's ideological and political education to the citizen. City taked over simultaneously with the social transformation,anti-rape liquidation carried out simultaneously with the special care and relief work,it has created favorable conditions for the public education. The public education was combined with the party's central work, mainly around the war service, joining the army, production and supporting the war, democratic government foundation.The main ways are: cultural centers, night school, the party's journalism, scrivener, public cultural activities. The main outcomes:formed the fundamental identity with the Chinese Communist Party and the party's principles and policies;it has laid a good basis for our party's other work in the cities. experience for the building of spiritual civilization. the time to carry out public education is still relatively short, inevitably a number of shortcoms and deficiencies exist. For example, the phenomenon of executive orders and assessed mobilization exist in joining the army and the porters ;our education lack of the real concerns on the citizens'ideological problem.Chapter VII summarizes the historical experience and the real enlightenment of ideological and political education in the northeast liberated areas. The historical experience is:Marxist theory is the fundamental guiding ideology;combining with the party's central task; integrating with political and economic struggles; integrating with the people's needs and their ideological realities; to inspire the people's political consciousness as the target.The practical enlightenment is: understanding Marxism with the times;grasping the education's characteristics of the times; accurately identifing the connection of the educational mission and the public opinion;building the whole society network of ideological and political education; making full use of various educational carriers to achieve the modernized education. |
