Requirement·Ability And Country

Peasant economic cooperation is a type of peasant cooperative action, which includes production, purchase and sale, credit and so on. This can help peasant in trouble who is in form of production organization in household-unit .According to the processing of peasant cooperation in the world, peasant cooperation in economy is inevitable choice to solve all kinds of problems in face of the fierce competition in merchandise and market economy. However, it is different in content choice, generated formation, action results. In western countries, peasant economic cooperation has developed constantly from the late 19th century. And it adapts the requirement of times. But in china, peasant economic cooperation experiences setbacks. Nowadays, there is no much fruit Therefore, the most important now is facing reality by reflecting history and revealing law.The contents of peasant economic cooperation must be with the objective requirements of agricultural development and peasant will. The coordination in forms and contents determines the implementation of action. The characteristics of agriculture determine the forms of agricultural production when producing primary agricultural products. So household production forms of organization are everlasting .But this kind of production forms is limited and relative. It is scattered, isolated and weak, which is not strong enough to protect peasant when they meet emergency payments in large scale. Therefore peasants need mutual aid and cooperation. So there are two types of cooperation: one is "Survival-oriented Cooperation", which is aimed at helping those in troubles; the other is "Development-oriented Cooperation", which is aimed at processing .purchasing and sale. It also rejects collective labor cooperation in the production of primary agricultural products.For the content choices of peasant economic cooperation, any politician and thinker can find no way but respect their choices. Because peasant is the practice in agricultural production .Peasants themselves know what they indeed need .Both politicians and thinkers can not substitute peasants. Politician and thinkers can make initial choice. But they must respect peasant finial choice. Only by this way we could avoid politician Utopian of transforming the society and fatal arrogance of thinkers.From historical experience we find that Owen, Fourier and other Utopian socialists are aimed at criticizing capitalism and transforming society. They try establishing new production organization to realize equality and harmony between social members. Though their ideas and specific programs are different, they deny agricultural production form in household unit and respect cooperation production in large scale, collective labor, which peasants disagree. So Fourier's "Kyrgyzstan francs" which nobody supports became Utopian. Owen's "New Harmony Commune" failed. Similarly, peasant cooperative movement and agriculture collectivization campaign in international communist movement were abandoned finally, undoubtedly because Marxism contains some idea which denies agricultural production form in household unit and respects cooperation production in large scale. However in the late 19^th century peasant economic cooperation movement was in form of production form in household unit western countries. And it cooperated in credit, processing, purchasing and sales and so on. Therefore has been everlasting since 100 years.Peasant needs cooperation. But as self-organization, the form and creation of cooperation requires peasant to have cooperation capability and condition. From the history of peasant economic cooperation in the world, no matter it is development-oriented cooperation or survival-oriented cooperation, we could find there is a problem of "Paradox Cooperation" in eastern and western countries. On the one hand peasants need cooperation because of all kinds of difficulties in life. On the other hand peasants hardly establish cooperation because of their cooperation capability lower and other inadequate conditions.Peasant economic cooperation needs its own leader and organizer. However, due to the economic and cultural backwardness, during its initial stage of the development, the peasant economic cooperation organization generally lacks leaders and organizers. So at present the leader of the peasant economic cooperation organization is mainly from the upper class of the village or outside the village, thus forming a pattern that the inside and outside powerful force work together to promote the economic developmentIn the first half of the 20^th century, in countries such as Japan and China, the political, economic and cultural backwardness, the deep-routed centralized and the lack of an energetic class in rural area all contribute to a government-dominant pattern, in which government plays the role of leader and organizer in peasant economic cooperation organization. In contrast, in America where the peasant owns the land, peasants richly endowed by nature have an very strong self-organizing ability, thus forming a self-organizing pattern.Peasant economic cooperation needs economic basis, but peasants have insufficient financial resources or comparably insufficient resources. Western countries in the middle of the 19^th century and Japan, China in the early 20^th century are still in traditional agriculture stage. The majority of the peasants are impoverished. On the one hand, they need credit cooperation to solve problems. On the other hand the impoverished peasants can not afford the credit cooperation because of the lack of money. The same situation also existed in western Europe in the middle of the 19^th century.During the transition from traditional agricultural to modern agricultural, or even in the modern agriculture stage, the increase in manufacturing cost and intensive costing at season always lead to the comparably insufficient financial capability. So government should intervene to provide a financial help to both kinds of peasant economic cooperation, no matter it is development-oriented cooperation or survival-oriented cooperation. Due to differences in the financial abilities and times, government's financial supporting pattern can be divided into two types: one is government-support pattern typically in Japan and the other is government-guiding pattern typically in America or European countries.Peasant economic cooperation calls for certain level of the spirit of cooperation. However, at the initial stage of Peasant economic cooperation development, there is lack of cultural resources in both eastern and western countries. Comparably speaking, the concept of democracy, freedom and equality rooted in western countries' culture can help establish the Peasant cooperation organization. However, government should pay great attention to training and educating of the members of peasant economic cooperation, the peasants still lack the ability to manage and supervise the cooperation organization due to its lower educational level. While, in eastern countries typically in China, the traditional culture includes a lot of unfavorable factors for developing cooperation organization, such as autocracy hierarchy. So in eastern countries, government should provide an educational system for the peasants at the beginning stage of peasant economic cooperation development and provide training in concerning areas after the peasant economic cooperation organization is totally built.We can learn much from historical experience. Nowadays, our country's peasant economic cooperation is in the accelerating conversion process of traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. Under the background of economy globalization and market internationalization, and peasant economic cooperation is in the primary phase. Although the content of cooperation is right and peasant have a little cooperation capability and condition, it is inadequate and imbalance. Therefore, the peasant economic cooperation in china should adopt the consistent model of from bottom to up and from top to bottom, and government should be the syntheses of supporter, advocator and supervisor.