The Dual Social Order In The Theory Of Choice And The Choice In The Dual Social Order

The question of peasant worker is an eco-social question with far-reaching influence and important strategic meaning which appears during the social transition of China. In the present stage, the question of peasant worker's transformation into citizen is an outstanding problem in the course of China's modernization and urbanization. Since the reform and opening-up, the social order of China has changed extensively and deeply, and the rationalization of social order which taking instrumental rationalization as its essential feature has become the main development trend of China's social order. However, as a special social group in urban area, the group of peasant workers has structured its daily life order which adopts the tradition as well as faces the reality by its social choice behavior. So, the rationalization of urban social order has been restricted by the perceptual rural social order which has been duplicated and transplanted into urban area by the group of peasant workers.Social order is a relatively stable social form that structured by the social choice behavior which people unfolds under various kinds of institutions and regulation. Once social order has formed, it can restrict people's social choice behavior. Therefore, there is a mutual-constructive relationship between social order and social choice behavior. In daily life, the choice of actor not only includes the rational choice which dominated by rational consciousness, but also includes the perceptual choice dominated by perceptual consciousness. So, the common expansion of rational choice and perceptual choice structures the daily life order of the actor. Among them, the social order structured by the expansion of rational choice is called rational order, and the social order structured by the expansion of perceptual choice is called perceptual order. Thereby, rational order and perceptual order form people's daily life order.Since the reform and opening-up, the constant development of marketization is the essential reason of the constant change of China's social order. Urban area is the foreland of China's reform and opening-up, so the speed of the rationalization of urban area's social order is much faster than that of the rural's. At the same time, the urban area's social order is structured by the social choice behavior expand by all kinds of social estates including the group of peasant workers. So, the behavior of peasant worker's entering and working in the urban area and the social behavior expend between the group of peasant workers and urban environment, urban organizations and urban citizens must be rational choice behavior which adapts to the rationalization of urban social order and marketization. The expansion of rational choice behavior becomes the base of the formation and expansion of the external order of the group of peasant workers which takes on a feature of rationalization.The formation of the external order of the group of peasant workers is based on the expansion of rational choice behavior of this group, but the transition of the style of social choice is the precondition of the formation of this external order. Since the founding of the PRC, the styles of social choice of rural inhabitants have transferred from ethics perceptual choice, political rational choice, economic rational choice to social rational choice. It causes the transition of the relationship and social order between the urban areas and the rural areas. Since the reform and opening-up, the dual social structure between the urban areas and the rural areas which take the institution of native place as its essential feature become more and more flexible. In this situation, more and more rural inhabitants who driven by the pressure of survival entered the urban areas, and became the group of peasant workers. Under the domination of survival ration, peasant works expanded rational choice behavior with urban environment, urban organizations and urban citizens. In this way, the external order of the group of peasant worker had primarily formed. As peasant workers become more and more adapted to urban areas, pursuing the maximization of economic interests becomes the central content of their daily life. Thus, economic rational choice becomes their most important style of social choice. The expansion of economic rational choice promotes the elementary formation of the external order of the group of peasant workers. In comparison with the civilization and lifestyle in the rural areas, the civilization and lifestyle in the urban areas has more attractive on peasant worker. So, to be an urban citizen by expanding social rational choice becomes an important part of the social life of many peasant workers. Therefore, the expansion of social rational choice behavior promotes the expansion of the external order of the group of peasant workers.Since the reform and opening-up, the dual social structure between the urban areas and the rural areas become more and more flexible, but the social exclusion aiming at the group of peasant workers has not changed at all. On the contrary, it has been strengthen with the import of market mechanism and the social network exclusion inflicted by urban citizens. Under this situation, the group of peasant workers has no choice but strengthen their inner relationship. Just in this way, the formation of the internal order of the group of peasant workers becomes necessary. Peasant workers come from rural areas where informal institution which includes custom, habit and convention has its deep root. So, perceptual choice which taken consanguinity, familiarity and social circle as its primary feature becomes their important style of social choice. The expansion of perceptual choice behavior becomes the base of the formation and expansion of the internal order of the group of peasant workers.As a disadvantaged group, the group of peasant worker is in inferior position while fighting for all kinds of resources. In order to keep on living in the urban areas, they have no choice but duplicate and transplant the social network which exists in the rural areas to the urban areas. So, the expansion of existent perceptual choice behavior formed the internal order of the group of peasant workers. As the enlargement of the social interaction of peasant workers, they gradually form a social network based on the occupational relationship and the relationship based on common interest. In this way, the expansion of social perceptual choice behavior expands the internal order of the group of peasant workers.The daily order of the group of peasant workers includes its external order and internal order. In the mean time, the social choice behavior expands by peasant worker can reflect the conflict and contradiction between its external order and internal order. Also, the transition of the style of social choice of peasant workers can reflect the transition of the daily order of this group. In general, the choice of peasant workers transfers from survival choice, economic choice to social choice. At each stage, the conflict and contradiction between rational choice and perceptual choice becomes its primary content. Just in this way, the daily order of the group of peasant worker formed and evolvement.In a word, it is very meaningful for us to study the problem of peasant workers from the viewpoint of the mutual-constructive relationship between social choice and social order. It can provide us a new insight to solve the problem of peasant worker and promote the pace of the urbanization and modernization of China.